讲义
长难句阅读障碍消除之：同位语

同位语

练习：

1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

例1： Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 因对语言和思维的关系感兴趣，沃夫形成了这样一个观点，即在一个社会中语言结构决定习惯思维模式

例2： All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. 可是仍然没有一个有思想的人能否决他们自己最初的主张：即人们感情世界里的巨变要求语言表达方式随之变化。

同位语 第一次课堂知识程度检验

小试牛刀

3： But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

排除词汇干扰：
ichthyosaur [‘ikθiəsɔ:(r)] n. 鱼龙；

4： In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. 17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。


排除词汇干扰：
1）organ [‘ɔ:ɡən] n. 风琴；
2）clavichord [‘klævikɔ:d] n.古钢琴；
3）harpsichord [‘hɑ:psikɔ:d] n.大键琴；
4）supremacy [sju‘preməsi, sə-] adj.至高无上的；

5）supplant [sə‘plɑ:nt, -’plænt] v.代替

长难句阅读障碍消除之：状语

状语

定义：状语的本质可以看做adv. 是对谓语动词“动作”的修饰，或者对“整个句意”在何种情况下发生做出的说明。

1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

阳“春”的三月，在深圳的街头，小明和小红在荷尔蒙的刺激下，为了满足最原始的兽欲，做出了比禽兽还禽兽的苟且之事。小明用他的实际行动告诉了所有人，他是个好演员。他在感情方面的表演，欺骗和不负责任也让事先对爱情充满幻想的小伙伴们瞬间疯狂，尽管大家对小明之前的喜爱如滔滔江水绵延不绝，此事一经爆出还是引起了大家强烈的反感，小伙伴们纷纷表示，只有他下次小心不在被抓，才能续写好男人的传奇。

长难句阅读障碍消除之：状语
1.时间状语
1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

时间状语引导词：

When, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, once, as soon as, directly, immediately, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the instant（一…就），the day等

例1: Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.

长难句阅读障碍消除之：状语
1.时间状语
1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

例2: People in the united states in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos.19世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带来社会混乱这一前景而提心吊胆。

排除词汇干扰：
1）haunt [hɔ:nt] v. 经常萦绕，经常去；
2）unprecedented [,ʌn‘presidəntid] adj.史无前例的；

长难句阅读障碍消除之：状语
2.地点状语
1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

地点状语引导词：

Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等

例1: Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeed where other more well informed experimenters failed.

例2: Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment where they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

长难句阅读障碍消除之：状语
3.原因状语
1）定义
2）识别

3）处理

原因状语引导词：

As, because, since, seeing (that), considering that, now that, given that, on the ground that, not that…but that…等

例1: The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find .

例2: Open-source spying does have its risk, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.