1、turn up

(常指出其不意地或经长久等待后)出现，到来，露面

Richard had turned up on Christmas Eve with Tony.

理查德和托尼在圣诞夜一道露面了。

This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up.

这就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。

找出;发现;注意到;出现

Investigations have never turned up any evidence.

调查从没发现任何证据。

a very rare 15th-Century spoon, which turned up in an old house in Devon.

在德文郡一座老房子里发现的一把非常珍贵的 15 世纪的勺子

开大，调高(收音机、暖气等)

Bill would turn up the TV in the other room.

比尔会把另一个房间里的电视声音开大。

I turned the volume up.

我调高了音量。

2、hesitate

犹豫;迟疑;踌躇

The telephone rang. Catherine hesitated, debating whether to answer it.

电话响了。凯瑟琳犹豫了一下要不要去接。

She hesitated a long time and then she said 'Yes'.

她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。

（因有顾虑而）不愿意（做某事）

Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating.

一些家长不愿意采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。

I hesitated to apply the word 'vulnerable' to him but it came into my mind.

我不愿用“脆弱”这个词来形容他，但它却突然出现在我脑子里了。