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词汇精学：
1. clergyman n.牧师, 教士, 神职人员
例句：
He became a clergyman and remained so. 他成为牧师并且一直担任这样的工作。
The town clergyman took a strong stand against gambling. 镇上这位牧师表示坚决反对赌博行为。
Layman is not a clergyman or a priest. 普通信徒有别于教士和牧师。
2. penniless adj.身无分文的
例句:
Jobless and penniless, Tom had to sleep rough in the fields for several months. 汤姆没有工作，身无分文，不得不在野外露宿了几个月。
At the age of thirteen, Tom was left penniless by the death of his father, so he had his own way to make.在13岁时汤姆的父亲死了，没留分文给他，所以，他得自食其力。
My firm in Hongkong went bankrupt and left me penniless, and I could only get home by working my ticket. 我在香港开设的商行破产了，落得个身无分文，只得靠在船上做工抵偿船费才回到家乡。
3. typhus n.斑疹伤寒症
例句:
Have all the children been vaccinated with typhus?所有的孩子都接种斑疹伤寒预防疫苗了吗？
The hospital ward was fumigated after the outbreak of typhus. 发现斑疹伤寒以後，医院的病房进行了烟熏消毒。
Have you had your typhus shots yet? 你打过斑疹伤寒防疫针了吗?
4. relative n.亲属(戚）
a close/near/distant relative of hers她的近亲[较近的亲戚/远]
5. willful adj. 任性的, 故意的, 有意的
例句:
A willful man must have his way. [谚]只要人有恒，万事皆可成。
6. obstinate adj. 固执的, 倔强的, 不易屈服的, （病）难治的
例句:
Don't be so obstinate! 别这么固执！
Only a man full of the milk of human kindness could have continued to befriend the proud and obstinate young man. 只有天性善良的人才会和这个性情高傲脾气倔强的年轻人继续交往。
This child is obstinate and rebellious. 这个孩子倔强，难以管束。
7. nature 天性，性格
词源解说：1300年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的nature；最初源自古典拉丁语的natura，意为事物的自然规律，宇宙。
语法用法：human nature 意为“人性，人情”，good nature 意为“好脾气”，ill nature意为“不友善，坏脾气”，以及second nature意为“第二天性”。以上这些用法中nature前不加the或者a，也没有复数形式。
例句：
Cats and dogs have quite different natures dogs like company, cats are independent.
猫和狗的习性迥异－－狗喜欢有伴，猫爱独来独往。
She is proud by nature. 她生性傲慢。
It's his nature to be kind to people. 他为人厚道。
There is no cruelty in her nature. 她心地善良。
