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scale
n.刻度；天平；鳞
The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment- laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land,
类似事件如今也时常发生，不过规模相对较小罢了。当携带沉积物的河流或溪水从山谷而下，流至相对平坦的地面时，
dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.
砂石便随着流速减慢而逐渐沉淀：水流通常呈扇形蔓延，进而使所承载的砂石以光滑扇形的斜面形式沉积下来。
root
n.根 v.生根
They spend more energy on their leaves, trunks and roots than on their acorns.
比起橡果，它们给予叶子、树干以及根茎的能量会更多。
practices-practice
n.练习；实行 v.实践；练习
Besides overhunting, at least three other kinds of effects have been suggested: direct competition,
除了过渡捕猎，至少还有三种影响因素：直接竞争，
imbalances between competing species of game animals, and early agricultural practices.
物种间不平衡，以及早期农耕。
philadelphia
n.费城
hydrogen
n.氢
In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity.
未来，偏远地区的大型风力发电厂发电量高于用电高峰需求量时，多出的电量可能会为从水中制造氢气提供支持。氢气可以存储起来，在需要额外或后备电源时用来发电。
dramatic
adj.剧烈的；戏剧性的
drama
n.戏剧
Several other mass extinctions in the geological record have been tentatively identified with large impacts, but none is so dramatic as the Cretaceous event.
根据地质学记载，一些其他大批生物的灭绝也被试验性地认为与类似的撞击有关，但都没有白垩纪的那次触目惊心。
display
n.显示 v.陈列; 显示
The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses.
当被问到如果他们是故事中那些需要基本情感响应的角色他们会如何反应时，富勒人也会呈现出一样的表情。
climax
n.高潮, 极点
Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities
生态学家们更想弄清楚到底哪些因素有助于促成群落的恢复，
because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.
因为世界各地的顶极群落都因为人类活动而遭受到严重的损坏或毁坏。
characters-character
n.个性；特点
It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature,
然而，应当指出，纯粹的机会主义者或纯粹的竞争对手，在本质上是罕见的，
as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.
因为大多数种类属于一个统一体的两个极端之间，表现出了一些投机取巧的交融和一些有竞争力的特色
bottom
n.底; 下端adj.最下的
If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense.
如果一个罐子没有底，或壁上有大洞，在传统意义上它就不能被称为容器。
biological
adj.生物学的
biologist
n.生物学家
microbiologist
n.微生物学家
An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that aggression is natural and even desirable for people.
生物学方法的一个分支被称为社会生物学，社会生物学认为，人类天生具有攻击性，并且攻击性是人类所希望的。
aquifer
n.含水土层, 地下蓄水层
This aquifer was named the Ogallala aquifer after the Ogallala Sioux Indians, who once inhabited the region.
这个蓄水层因曾经在这里定居过的奥加拉拉苏族印第安人而得名，被称作奥加拉拉蓄水层。
tone
n.音调, 语调
A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh,
人们通过选词用语、通过表达愉快或生气、温和或尖刻的语调、
by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance.
通过语言本身富含的节奏、通过说话时恒定或多变的语速以及音调的高低起伏来表达各种思想观点。
solar
adj.太阳的；太阳系的；日光的
Among the most ancient bodies in the solar system are the carbonaceous chondrites that also contain carbon compounds that might have been the precursors of life on Earth.
在太阳系中，最古老的陨石要数碳质球粒陨石，它富含碳化合物，这或许也是地球存在生命体的前提。
