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function
n.功能 v.活动；运行
functional
adj.功能的；实用的
functionalism
n.功能主义
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself.
显微镜技术的每一个进步都给科学家提供了看待生物体的功能和其性质的新观察方式。
craters-crater
n.火山口
Close observation of craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight,
通过对陨石坑的近距离观察和对月球反射阳光的研究，
led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, that overlies the solid rock of the Moon.
人们认为月球岩石的表面覆盖着风化层。
replaced-replace
v.取代
replace
v.取代
To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below.
这些洞穴系统的维持，原理是冰下面的火必须保持平衡，每年必须有足够的雪来填满这个坑取代那些下面已经融化的雪。
held-hold
v.认为；握着
hold
v.认为；握着
And virtually all policy makers, whether they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not,
事实上，所有的政策制定者都承认农业是美国经济的主要组成部分，
recognized agriculture as the key component of the American economy.
无论他们是否同意杰弗逊提出的思想原则。
dioxide
n.二氧化物
We assume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today: mostly water vapor (about 90 percent) ,
与过去相比，火山喷发气体与当今并无不同，多数为水蒸气（约90%），
carbon dioxide (about ten percent) , and up to a few 10 percent nitrogen.
二氧化碳（约10%），以及不到10%的氮气。
cetaceans-cetacean
n.鲸
Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans.
这项非常令人兴奋的发现终于使科学家们能够重建鲸目动物最有可能的起源。
sculpture
n.雕刻，雕刻品 v.雕刻
sculptural
adj.雕刻的；雕刻般的
sculptures
n.雕刻，雕刻品 v.雕刻
Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress.
以雕塑为例，这种形式的艺术品必须要稳固，这就要求雕刻家了解质量，重量分配和压力方面的性质。
rural
adj.乡下的，乡村风味的
Local studies indicate that nearly three quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast,
据当地研究表明，近四分之三北方和南方人口，东北部新兴城市，
and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade.
以及西部偏远地区，上述人口格局每十年发生变化。
organic
adj.器官的，组织的
organs-organ
n.器官
organically
adv.有机耕作地
Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
石油来源于海底沉积有机物，石油包含原油和天然气。
remove
v.去掉；移动
removing
n.拆迁；消除
removal
n.移动；搬迁
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions.
对于人工孵化工程，鸟类饲养家将鹦鹉蛋移除，并在人工试验室进行孵化。
entire
adj.全体的，全部的
This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades,
这种新的设计概念,加上尖锐的反应战后的风格和公约前面几十年来，
created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor.
创造了一种全新的大众口味,造成新艺术种类的玻璃,以减少人们的宠爱。
depended-depend
v.依靠；相信
dependent
n.依赖他人者adj.依赖的，从属的
interdependence
n.互相依赖
Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chip page patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges.
特有的碎片掉落后的样子，和非常（显微镜下才可观察的）光滑的平面出现在边缘的部分，当然这种状况完全取决于你怎样来使用工具。
currents-current
n.气流；倾向；电流adj.当前的；流行的
Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals,
但是它们的石化需要一系列因素：软组织的腐烂速度缓慢，很少被其他动物残食，
a lack if swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial.
缺少混杂、冲走小骨头的快速水流和波浪，以及相当快地被掩埋。
adapted-adapt
v.使适应；改写
adaptations-adaptation
n.适应；改写本；改编
adaptive
adj.适合的；适应的
adaptability
n.顺应性；适合性
Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adapt at avoiding them.
乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物(包括研究人员)的意图感觉非常敏锐，并且善于躲开它们。
