一、needn’t+have+v-ed
“needn’t+have+v-ed”表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,即表达“本没必要….”之意。
例:You needn’t have done the washing up. I would have done it for you.
你本可不必洗那些餐具,我会替你洗的。
例:I needn’t have bought al that wine-only three people came.
其实我没有必要买这么多酒,因为只来了三个人。
二、情态动词+动词进行式
“情态动词+动词进行式”即“情态动词+be+v-ing”,表示推测或评论某动作是否正在进行。
例:He might still be playing basketball in the room.
他可能还在房子里打篮球。
三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
“情态动词+动词完成进行时”即“情态动词+have been+v-ing”,表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。
例:They may have been discussing the problem this morning.
今天上午他们可能一直在讨论这个问题。
经典练习:
1、I _____to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.
A)ought to have written
B)must have written
C)couldn’t have written
D)needn’t have written
2、You_____all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A)needn’t have done
B)must not have done
C)shouldn’t have done
D)can not have done
3、This is one of the rarest questions that_____at such a meeting.
A)has ever been raised
B)are raised
C)have ever been raised
D)is raised
4、I will overlook ____so rude to my sister this time.But don’t let if happen again.
A)you to be
B)you to have been
C)your being
D)your having been
解析:
1、答案选D。本题because从句表达的意思是:因为他之后不久给我打电话了。那么主句所表达的意思为:我本不必给他写信的。 D项意为“本不必给他写信”,其它三项均不符合题意。
2、答案选A。needn’t have done表示“本来不必要做,但实际上做了”的含义。符合题意。Must not 的意思是“不应、不可以”,后面一般不接完成式。其它几项也不符合题意。
3、答案选C。that引导的定语从句修饰questions,定语从句中的谓语动词需用复数;在结构“this(that/it )is +形容词最高级+名词+定语从句”中, 从句谓语通常用完成时态。所以C为正解选项。
4、答案选D。动词overlook在此意为“宽容”,要求以动名词做宾语,可首先排除A、B两项;时间状语this time 表示动名词动作已经发生,而且发生在谓语动作之前,所以须用动名词完成式,所以D项为正解选项。