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Losing Weight After Age 50 May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
50岁后减肥或降低患乳腺癌的风险
Doctors who say weight loss can reduce the risk for breast cancer finally have some pretty solid science on their side: A study published Tuesday in the JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that postmenopausal women may decrease their likelihood of getting breast cancer if they lose weight––even a small amount.
那些声称减肥可以降低患乳腺癌风险的医生终于得到了有力的科学支持：周二发表在《国家癌症研究所杂志》上的一篇研究发现，减肥有助降低绝经女性患乳腺癌的风险，即便只减一两斤。
"Excess body weight is a known cause of postmenopausal breast cancer," study author Lauren Teras, PhD, scientific director for epidemiology research at the American Cancer Society, tells Health. "An important question is, can you reverse it? Believe it or not, this was not something we knew for certain."
“体重过重是绝经后女性患乳腺癌的已知原因，”研究作者及美国癌症学会流行病学研究的科学主任劳伦·泰拉斯（Lauren Teras）博士对《健康》期刊说道：“重要的是，这个过程可逆吗？信不信由你，但我们并不确定。”
Until now, that is. The researchers analyzed data from 10 separate prospective studies, involving 180,000 women over age 50 who were tracked for a decade. Nearly 7,000 of the women received a breast cancer diagnosis during that time, according to the data.
这就是目前的现状。研究员分析了10项不同的前瞻性研究的数据，这些数据涉及18万名50岁以上的女性，研究员对她们跟踪研究了10年。数据显示，在此期间，近7000名妇女被诊断出患有乳腺癌。
Compared to postmenopausal women who maintained a stable weight over approximately 10 years, the researchers found that women who lost weight—even as little as 4.5 pounds—had a 13 percent lower risk of developing breast cancer. And more weight lost led to an even greater impact on cancer risk—at 20 pounds of sustained weight loss, women cut their risk of breast cancer by about 25%, Teras told NBC News. (The researchers accounted for other risk factors that can impact obesity and/or breast cancer risk, like physical activity levels and whether the women were on hormone replacement therapy.)
研究员发现在这10年内，与体重基本保持稳定的绝经女性相比，减肥的女性（即便只减了4.5磅）患乳腺癌的风险降低了13%。而减重更多对患癌率的影响也更大——减肥20磅左右的女性患乳腺癌的风险降低了25%，泰拉斯对《美国全国广播公司新闻》说道。（研究员表示其它因素也可能影响肥胖和/或乳腺癌风险，例如女性的锻炼水平以及是否接受激素替代治疗。）
"This is particularly important for the 40 percent of women worldwide, who are overweight or obese and therefore at higher risk for breast cancer," says Teras. "Given that breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, the question of whether weight loss can reduce breast cancer risk is of great public health importance."
“这一点对于全球40%的超重或肥胖女性至关重要，因为这些人群患乳腺癌的风险更高，”泰拉斯说道。“鉴于乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症，减肥是否可以降低患乳腺癌的风险具有重大的公共卫生意义。”
Although the study was restricted to women aged 50 years and older, Teras stresses that it is important for women of all ages to maintain a healthy body weight to avoid a variety of negative health outcomes.
尽管这项研究的受试者仅限于50岁及以上的女性，但泰拉斯强调，对于所有年龄段的女性而言，保持健康的体重对避免各种负面的健康后果至关重要。
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