评论
打印
Rather, in speaking of a computer 'simulating human activities', he had in mind the simulation of learning,
在计算机模仿人类活动这方面，图灵思考的是对于"学习"的模仿，
in such a way that after a point the machine would not merely be doing 'whatever we know how to order it to perform,' as Lady Lovelace had claimed, for no one would know how it was working:
在这个前提下，机器不只会执行洛甫雷斯夫人说的"我们已经知道明确步骤的事"：
It has been said that computing machines can only carry out the purposes that they are instructed to do.
有人说，计算机只能按照指令执行程序。
This is certainly true in the sense that if they do something other than what they were instructed then they have just made some mistake.
在某种意义上，这种说法是正确的，这种意义就是如果它们不按指令工作，那就说明它们出错了。
It is also true that the intention in constructing these machines in the first instance is to treat them as slaves,
我们刚开始建造这些机器时，确实是把它们视为奴隶，
giving them only jobs which have been thought out in detail, jobs such that the user of the machine fully understands in principle what is going on all the time.
只让他们做一些步骤完全清晰的工作，理论上说，机器的操作者在任何时候都对机器的运行状态完全清楚。
Up till the present machines have only been used in this way.
迄今为止，所有的机器都是这样工作的。
But is it necessary that they should always be used in such a manner?
但是，它们是否只能在这样的方式下工作？
Let us suppose we have set up a machine with certain initial instruction tables, so constructed that these tables might on occasion, if good reason arose, modify those tables.
我们假设我们建造了这样一种机器，它有初始的指令表，并且能在满足一定的条件时，自动地修改这个指令表。
One can imagine that after the machine had been operating for some time, the instructions would have altered out of recognition, but nevertheless still be such that one would have to admit that the machine was still doing very worthwhile calculations.
可以想见，这种机器运行一段时间之后，指令表就会改得令我们无法理解，但是我们必须承认，机器仍然是在有意义地运行着。
