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A top trade adviser to President Donald Trump has said there would be no exemptions from US tariffs on steel and aluminium imports as the EU prepared retaliatory measures and officials warned of the risk of a transatlantic trade war.
唐纳德?特朗普(Donald Trump)总统的一名高级贸易顾问表示，美国针对钢铁和铝进口的关税将不会有豁免机制。欧盟已准备了报复措施，官员们警告称，欧美面临发生跨大西洋贸易战的风险。
Peter Navarro, who heads the US Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, said that while there could be exceptions for specific business uses, there would be no carve-out for individual countries, dealing a blow to allies such as Canada, the UK and South Korea.
美国贸易和制造业政策办公室(Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy)负责人彼得?纳瓦罗(Peter Navarro)表示，尽管可能会有针对特定商业用途的例外安排，但不会有照顾个别国家的豁免措施，这对加拿大、英国和韩国等盟国是一个打击。
“As soon as you start exempting countries you have to raise the tariffs on everybody else?.?.?.?and so it’s a slippery slope,” Mr Navarro told CNN yesterday.
“一旦你开始豁免某些国家，你就必须提高针对其他所有国家的关税……所以这是一条容易滑倒的斜坡。”纳瓦罗昨日对CNN表示。
Mr Trump’s impromptu announcement of tariffs last week set off a furious round of last-minute lobbying by allies such as Canada, now the largest supplier to the US of aluminium and steel.
特朗普上周口头宣布征收关税，引发了加拿大等盟友的最后一刻游说；加拿大如今是美国最大的铝和钢材供应来源。
UK officials were also pressing for an exemption but could find no legal means to do so while Britain remained in the EU. Theresa May, the prime minister, raised her “deep concern” over the move in a phone call with Mr Trump yesterday, saying a multilateral solution was needed to resolve the global problem of steel overcapacity.
英国官员也极力要求享受豁免，但在英国仍是欧盟成员的情况下找不到这种安排的合法手段。英国首相特里萨?梅(Theresa May)昨日在与特朗普电话通话期间表达了她对此举的“深切担忧”，她表示，需要一个多边解决方案来解决钢铁产能过剩的全球问题。
Mr Navarro is one of the economic nationalists within the Trump administration vying for the president’s ear with pro-free trade advisers led by Gary Cohn, head of the National Economic Council. Since Thursday’s announcement, Mr Cohn has been working to try to blunt the effects of any tariffs and to argue for exemptions.
纳瓦罗是特朗普政府内的经济民族主义者之一，这些人与支持自由贸易的顾问们——以国家经济委员会(National Economic Council)主席加里?科恩(Gary Cohn)为首——竞相说服总统。自上周四这个消息宣布后，科恩一直在努力缓解任何关税的影响，并力主推出豁免机制。
The EU had low hopes of an exemption and has instead focused on preparing a “harsh and clear reaction from Brussels”, according to one senior European official.
欧洲一名高级官员表示，欧盟对豁免机制所抱期待很低，主要精力放在准备“由布鲁塞尔作出严厉和明确的反应”上。
The European Commission could launch tit-for-tat measures as soon as Wednesday but must first wait for the Trump administration to formally adopt detailed tariff proposals. The EU is also in contact with other countries affected by Mr Trump’s proposed measures, such as Japan, Canada, Brazil and Turkey, European diplomats say.
欧盟委员会(European Commission)最快可能在周三就拿出针锋相对的措施，但必须先等待特朗普政府正式批准详细的关税提案。欧洲外交官称，欧盟还在与受特朗普拟议措施影响的其他国家接触，如日本、加拿大、巴西和土耳其。
The EU has drawn up a 2.8bn list of proposed counter-measures comprising roughly one-third steel and aluminium, one-third agricultural products and one-third other goods. The list ranges from commodities such as maize and orange juice to quintessential Americana, notably Harley-Davidson motorcycles, bourbon whiskey and blue jeans.
欧盟已拟定了28亿欧元的拟议反制措施清单，其中大约有三分之一的钢铁和铝产品，三分之一的农产品以及三分之一的其他产品。这份清单上既有玉米和橙汁等大宗商品，也有美国特色产品如哈雷戴维森(Harley-Davidson)摩托车、波本威士忌和蓝色牛仔裤。
European diplomats said there would be no stepping back from the retaliation, despite Mr Trump’s threat to extend the tariffs to EU car imports.
欧洲外交官们表示，尽管特朗普威胁扩大关税，将欧盟输美汽车纳入征税范围，但采取报复行动已没有回头路。
The Federal Reserve was wary of the effect a trade war would have on US economic growth with Neel Kashkari of the Minneapolis Fed saying it would hit their growth and inflation forecasts.
美联储(Federal Reserve)已对贸易战对美国经济增长造成的影响表示担忧，明尼阿波利斯联邦储备银行(Minneapolis Fed)行长尼尔?卡什卡里(Neel Kashkari)表示，贸易战将打击美联储的增长和通胀预测。
