People have suffered for beauty since ancient times. The ancient Egyptians wore dark eye make-up—udju and mesdemet or kohl—which contained harmful copper and lead. The ancient Greeks and Romans spread pungent crocodile dung on their faces and mixed it into their baths. Animal poop facials are still popular today, especially in Japan. Historically, putrid smells, severe damage to the body, and obvious risks have been accepted for beautifying benefits.
自古以来，人们就愿为外貌美受罪。古埃及人化黑色眼妆，如 "udju"， 眼影或眼影粉--这些都是含铜含铅等有毒物质。古希腊人和古罗马人，会把有刺激气味的鳄鱼粪便涂在脸上，把两者调和后沐浴时用。动物粪便美容现今仍很流行，日本尤甚。历史证明，恶臭味道会对身体造成严重损害，但很显然，人们为了美愿意遭这种罪。
10.砒霜的美容效用
While arsenic has frequently been used to commit murder throughout history, one group of people took it by choice, and many followed. The arsenic eaters of Styria dosed themselves with arsenic in the mid-1800s. These peasants were dubbed 'toxicophagi.' They began with a minute amount and increased the dose as they built their tolerance. Arsenic freshened the complexion and made breathing easier in the mountains.
纵观历史，砒霜常用于谋杀，但也有一部分人属自愿服食，后来很多人鱼贯跟风服食。18世纪中叶，施蒂里亚砒霜服用者自助服用砒霜。这群人被戏称"嗜毒鬼"。他们起初只是小剂量服用，后来，随着抗毒能力增强而增加砒霜剂量。砒霜可永葆皮肤光泽，使人在山里呼吸更顺畅。
Some of the toxicophagi could swallow enough arsenic to kill the average person, and still appear to be good health. Withdrawal could cause vomiting, constipation, spasmodic pain, and other problems. People around the world adopted the beauty practice anyway. Its mention in James Johnston's The Chemistry of Common Life likely contributed to its popularity as a cosmetic implement. The arsenic eaters either weaned themselves off gradually or died unexpectedly due to arsenic-related complications.
有些嗜毒鬼所服用砒霜剂量能致普通人于死地，但他们服用后却仍显出良好健康状态。戒食砒霜可能引起呕吐，便秘，痉挛性疼痛和其他不适症状。但不管健康状况如何，全世界各地人民都欣赏美。很可能是詹姆斯·约翰逊在《日常生活中的化学》 一书中提到砒霜，使得砒霜成为一种流行化妆品。砒霜服食者要么慢慢戒食砒霜，要么意外死于和砒霜有关的并发症。
9.X-rays for Hair Removal
9.X射线脱毛功能
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. Dr. Leopold Freund of Austria observed that x-rays made people's hair fall out and recommended it as a treatment for hypertrichosis. Dr. Albert Geyser embraced the treatment enthusiastically. He lost the fingers on his left hand to radiation damage. Geyser created the Cornell tube, which use "ultrasoft" x-rays. He and his son later founded Tricho Sales Corporation.
1895年，威廉·伦琴发现X射线。奥地利的利奥波德·佛罗因德教授发现X射线可致人毛发脱发，便建议用X射线来治疗多毛症。艾伯特·凯特非常支持这种疗法。但他本人由于辐射失去了左手手指。凯特研制出的康奈尔试管使用超软射线。后来，他和儿子创立毛体销售公司。
In a 1915 article, Dr. Geyser claimed that the Cornell tube required "no protection of any kind, either for patient or operator." He leased x-ray machines to beauty shops and trained operators to handle The Tricho System. Sessions were called 'light treatment' or 'short-wave treatment.' The long-term effects of Cornell tube treatments eventually became clear. Patients' skin wrinkled and thickened from radiation exposure. They developed skin lesions, ulcers, and cancer. The x-ray hair removal clinics functioned into the mid-century. The government didn't take action as would be expected nowadays. Instead, personal horror stories published in newspapers spread awareness and cut off demand for the service.
1915年，凯特教授在一篇文章中称，康奈尔试管的"病人和操作者"不需"任何防护"。他把X射线机器租赁给美容院，对操作员进行培训，使其熟练操作毛体系统。 这个疗法被叫做光治疗，或者短波治疗。康奈尔试管治疗的长期影响效果十分明显。病人皮肤由于接触辐射变皱、变糙，他们皮肤受损，生了溃疡，得了癌症。X射线祛毛诊所直到20世纪中叶才消失。那时的政府不会像我们现在所预想的那样采取行动。反而是报纸上报道的个人对X射线的恐慌故事，让群众意识觉醒，使得X射线服务销声匿迹。
8.经常被老鼠光顾的假发
Voluminous wigs became insanely popular in the 1800s. The more elaborate a wig, the more impressive the wearer's beauty. Royalty flaunted their status with flamboyant clothes and snazzy hair. There came a point at which lard was required to secure the wigs; they were simply too large to stand on their own.
19世纪，各式假发成为不可阻挡的潮流，假发越是做工精致，人就会被衬得越发漂亮。那时，皇室的人用华丽的服饰和时髦的假发来显摆他们高贵的身份。很重要的一点就是用猪油来护养假发，因为这些假发自身过厚过长，如果不护理好就很难保持原有的形状。
These hairpieces were attached to genuine hair and worn for weeks at a time. The lard wasn't washed out, so it attracted lice and dangerous rodents. Some women slept with cages around their wig to keep the creepy creatures out. However, not everyone owned a hair cage. Rats occasionally penetrated and nested in these wigs. In France, at the beginning of the 19th century, men's wigs were more intricate than women's. By the late 1800s, women were sporting hairpieces that towered a foot or higher above their heads. The weight sometimes caused inflammation around the temples.
人们会把假发附在真发上，一次一个假发戴好几周。假发上的猪油一直依附在上面不被洗去，因此会招来虱子和一些危险的小型啮齿动物。一些女性睡觉时，会在自己假发周围放上几个笼子，以防那些爬行生物跑到她们的假发上。然而，并不是每个人都会放笼子，所以老鼠偶尔会潜入假发甚至是在上面做窝。在19世纪初期的法国，男人的假发比女人的复杂得多。直到19世纪末，还有女性在运动时戴着长度及脚或过头的假发。这些沉甸甸的假发有时会诱发太阳穴周围的炎症。
7.肚子里的减肥绦虫
During the Victorian era, in the early 1900s, advertisers marketed pills that contained beef tapeworm cysts. Tapeworms would devour what the host ate, and the host would lose plenty of weight. Tapeworms may reach up to 30 feet long, though, and cause problems from headaches to dementia. Diarrhea and vomiting are also to be expected. An anti-parasitic pill was used to force the tapeworm out—often a more complicated process than might be imagined.
在20世纪初的维多利亚时代，广告商在市场上推销着含有牛肉绦虫囊的药丸。绦虫可以吞食人吃进肚子里的食物，这样一来，就可以达到体重大幅度减轻的效果。绦虫可以生长到30英尺长，不过，它也会诱发一些疾病，轻则头痛，重则痴呆，还可能会出现腹泻、呕吐的症状。一颗抗寄生药可将绦虫排出体外，这个过程通常比你想象的复杂。
As it turns out, the tapeworm diet of the early 20th century may be a rumor. Its legitimacy is still debated today. The advertisements certainly existed, but we can't scientifically verify the content of the pills. More recently, however, a woman in Iowa swallowed a tapeworm to lose weight. She reportedly bought it over the internet. Websites are promoting the tapeworm diet in the modern day. One tapeworm won't make much of a difference, but that single worm can reproduce in the body, leading to both weight loss and serious health issues.
出现在20世纪早期的绦虫节食法可能就只是个谣传而已，它的合理性在今天仍备受争议。关于它的广告也确实存在，但是我们并不能科学地核实这个绦虫药的成分。然而，最近，一位在爱荷华的女士为了减肥吞下了一条绦虫。据报道，她是在网上买的，在这个现代化的时代，互联网促进了绦虫节食法的传播。一条绦虫不会有很大影响，但是就那一条小虫却可以在身体里不断繁殖出很多绦虫，最后体重减轻的同时也造成了严重的健康问题。
6.含铅粉底
The history of lead foundation dates back to the Greek and Roman empires. Lead was also used in items from pipes to drinking vessels. Lead poisoning was likely widespread and contributed to the low birth rate. Let's fast forward to the 1500s. Women of the Elizabethan era combined lead with vinegar to create 'Venetian ceruse' or 'Spirits of Saturn'. A white complexion was highly sought-after, as it was considered the height of beauty. They applied egg whites to add shine. Even as recently as the 1900s, Japanese and Chinese infants regularly died from ingesting cosmetic lead worn by their mothers. Lead is absorbed through the skin. Poisoning may cause hair loss, weight loss, pain, brain damage, organ damage, paralysis, and a variety of other symptoms. When used in foundation, lead causes skin to wrinkle and scar. Historically, this problem was remedied by applying more poisonous foundation to cover the damage.
含铅粉底的历史源流可以追溯到古希腊、古罗马时代。从各种管道到饮用器皿，铅还被广泛用于各种物品中。因而铅中毒十分普遍，并由此导致了低生育率。让我们按下快进键，随时光飞奔到16世纪，也就是伊丽莎白女王一世时期。这个时期有人将铅和醋酸化合得到的碳酸铅作为皮肤增白剂加入化妆品中。而女性们以白为美，十分推崇白皙的妆容。她们甚至为了增加皮肤光泽度常用鸡蛋白按摩脸部。直至20世纪初期，婴儿因母体使用含铅的化妆品而摄入铅过量，最终夭折的现象，在中国和日本还时常发生。铅可以通过皮肤被人体吸收。铅中毒会导致头发脱落、体重减轻、莫名疼痛、大脑损伤、器官病变、中风瘫痪甚至许许多多的其他并发症。长期使用铅超标的粉底会导致皮肤产生皱纹和疤痕，而最要命的是，要遮盖这种瑕疵又得使用更多的粉底，于是形成了恶性循环，周而复始，损伤肌体。
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