5.独居
People living alone are more likely to die early compared to those who are living together with their families or partners. Thankfully, this only applies to elderly people, specifically those aged 52 and above.
相比于与家人或伴侣一起生活的人，那些独自居住的人更容易出现过早死亡。谢天谢地的是，这一情况只适用于老年人，特别是那些年龄在52岁及以上的独居者。
This finding was based on a British study that involved 6,500 participants and which lasted for seven years. According to this study, people who live alone, without considering their pre-existing conditions, are 26 percent more likely to die than those who live together with other people. When pre-existing illnesses are taken into account, elderly people who are socially isolated are 48 percent more likely to experience premature death. Previous studies show that aside from dying prematurely, those who live alone, whether they prefer it or not, are also at higher risk of developing dementia and heart disease. Fortunately, the risk of dying early can be easily reduced if elderly people are given the emotional and social support they need. Just by socializing with other people and engaging them in activities that decrease their loneliness, elderly individuals who live alone can significantly extend their life expectancy.
这一发现是基于一项6500人参与，历时七年的英国研究做出的。根据这项研究，在不考虑被调查者调查前情况的条件下，独居者比那些生活在一起的人死亡的可能性要高26%。在考虑先前存在的疾病时，独居的老年人有48%可能更容易经历过早死亡。而以往的研究表明，独居的人除了有过早死亡的风险以外，不管是否愿意，他们还有更高的患痴呆症和心脏病的风险。比较幸运的是，如果老年人得到他们需要的情感和社会支持，提前死亡的可能性很容易降低。独居的老人可以仅仅通过与其他人进行社会交流以及从事减少他们的孤独的活动，就可以显著延长他们的寿命。
4.坐得太久
If you're sitting right now, then you'd better stand up. Studies show that sitting for long periods of time can cause numerous serious health conditions and even premature death. A research conducted in the University of Leicester showed that people who spent most of their time sitting down, whether at work or at home, increased their risk of heart disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this research, which had 800,000 participants, discovered that even if people exercise regularly, their risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and even obesity will not decrease if they spend most of their time sitting on an office chair or couch.
如果你现在正坐着，你最好站起来。研究表明，长时间坐着会引发许多严重的健康问题，甚至会过早死亡。莱斯特大学的一位研究员表示：无论是在工作还是在家，人们大把的时间都是坐着的。正是如此，这也大大加剧了他们患心脏病和糖尿病的风险。此外，这项调查有800万人参与其中。调查表明：如果人们长时间坐在办公椅或者沙发上，即便他们运动规律，依然会有引发糖尿病和心脏病的风险，甚而至于肥胖不会消减。
In addition, what's more alarming is the fact that sitting can cause premature death. An Australian study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine showed that adults aged 45 and above increased their risk of dying prematurely by as much as 40% just by sitting for 11 or more hours everyday. There's a scientific reason why sitting for long hours is unhealthy and deadly for us. Sitting down is interpreted by our "intelligent" bodies as signal for our systems to go into storage mode. When this happens, a lot of unhealthy things can occur. For instance, the glucose levels in our bodies spike up, good cholesterols are reduced while the unhealthy ones increase, and we become resistant to insulin. In other words, the more we sit down, the unhealthier we become.
除此之外，更让人担忧的是：长时间坐着会导致过早死亡。一位澳大利亚研究员在网络医学档案上发表过文章，表明45岁以及45岁以上的成年人每天坐的时间超过11个小时，他们过早死亡的概率会增加40%。 有这样一个科学的原因：解释为什么对于我们来说长时间坐着是不健康并且致命的。坐下这一举动会被我们智能的身体系统理解为我们的身体系统进入存储模式。例如，在体内的葡糖糖含量大幅度攀升，以及良性胆固醇减少、恶性的上升时，我们开始对胰岛素产生抗性。换句话说，坐得越久就会变得越坏。
3.暴露于被污染的空气中
Yes, that's right. The simple act of breathing can significantly decrease your life expectancy. And if you're living in a major city or in an area that is heavily polluted, then your risk of dying prematurely due to breathing polluted air significantly increases. According to a study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 200,000 people every year die prematurely in the U.S. due to air pollution. 53,000 of them die due to health problems caused by car pollution. Another 52,000 of these deaths are caused by the air pollution produced by generating electrical power. Alarmingly, the city which has the most deaths related to breathing polluted air is Baltimore. Other cities include Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, and Atlanta. So just how many years are deducted from those who are constantly exposed to breathing polluted air? Ten years.
是的，正如你所想。这个简单的呼吸举动足以降低你的平均寿命。如果你生活在某个主要城市，又或者在一个受到严重污染的地区，那么你过早死亡的风险会因为呼吸过多的被污染空气而大大提升。根据麻省理工学院研究表明：在美国，每年有20万人因空气污染而过早死亡；5万3千人因汽车污染所引发的健康问题而死亡。另外，有5万2千人因发电所产生的空气污染而死亡。更让人担忧的是，巴尔的摩是因呼吸被污染空气而导致死亡人数最多的城市。其他城市还包括：落基山、芝加哥、费城、底特律和亚特兰大。 所以那些长期暴露于被污染空气中的人们会减寿多少年呢？答案是十年！
2.Having an Unfulfilling, Stressful Job
2.一份令人不满且压力巨大的工作
When we hear people say "My job is killing me", we obviously don't take that literally. However, new studies show that this common workplace sentiment (which I'm sure many of us have blurted out once, twice, or a hundred times) might be literally true. Our jobs can cause us to die prematurely! You don't believe me? Well, here are the facts.
当我们听别人说"我的工作简直是要杀死我了！"的时候，往往我们是不会按照字面意思去理解它的。然而，一些新的调查研究却表明，这句我们经常听到的工作场合的抱怨(我确定这样的抱怨大家至少都说过一两句)，可能就其字面意思而言都是真的。我们的工作很有可能让我们提前步入死亡！以下几个事实，让你不信都难！
According to a study conducted by the University College London in 2012, people with stressful jobs are 23 percent more likely to experience heart attack than those with less demanding occupations. In addition, those with highly stressful jobs, like being the president of the United States, are more likely to age faster. Not only that but also those who work for more than 11 hours a day greatly increase their risk of developing depression. In addition, those with demanding jobs also experience difficulties in their relationships outside of work. The bad news doesn't end there. Women with demanding careers are more likely to develop diabetes too. And to top it off, a study conducted by the Tel Aviv University, which lasted for 20 years, showed that people with stressful jobs and whose work environments are hostile are more at risk of experiencing early death compared to those whose workplaces are friendly and positive.
根据伦敦大学2012年的一项调查表明，工作压力大的人比其他人多23％的患心脏病几率。除此之外，处于高压力职位的人，例如美国总统，将会老得更快。还有，一天工作超过11个小时的人极易患焦虑症。在对工作关系之外的其他社交关系的处理上，处于高压力职位的人也面临更多的困难。然而高压力职位的坏处还不止于此，女性高压力职位者更易患糖尿病。最严重的是，根据Tel Aviv大学从二十年前就开始的一项调查表明，有份压力大且工作环境充满敌意的工作的人比工作环境和平积极的人要更加容易过早死亡。
1.缺乏性生活
Yes, that's right! Not having enough sex can cause you to die prematurely. In contrast, those who engage in sex regularly are more likely to increase their life expectancy. Numerous studies show that regular sex can increase blood circulation, decrease blood pressure, and enhance cholesterol levels. Aside from that, sex is a good weight loss regimen too. Just 30 minutes of bed play with your partner, and you'll burn 200 calories. In addition, sex can also protect you from diseases like colds and coughs since it enhances your immune system.
你并没有眼花，性生活不够确实是造成人早逝的一个原因。相反的，性生活频繁的人更容易延长他们的寿命。无数调查研究都曾表明，规律的性生活会加快血液循环，降低血压并维持胆固醇的健康状态。除此之外，性也是减肥的有效手段之一，半个小时的性爱可以让你燃烧200卡路里。性爱还可以让多种疾病远离你，如感冒、咳嗽等。因为它可以增强人体免疫系统的抵抗力。
If you've been feeling a bit stressed lately, then you better have a long and sensual lovemaking session. Having sex can help you relax and reduce your stress levels by releasing oxytocin which stimulates the production of endorphins, "the happy hormones". And I'm not done yet. Having sex can make you look and feel younger too since it can help you become more energetic and produce collagen, a substance that keeps your skin glowing and supple. But best of all, having regular intercourse can prolong your life. A study conducted by the Duke University showed that women who engage in regular sex are likely to add eight more years to their lifespan. On the other hand, men who have regular orgasms reduce their likelihood of dying prematurely by as much as 50%. The next time you have sex, think of its many health benefits and how it can prevent you from dying prematurely.
若你最近觉得自己压力山大，一场持久而规律的性爱不失为你的一个好选择。它会让你得到放松，通过释放催产素来增加内啡肽的释放(即荷尔蒙)，借此达到降压的目的。性的好处不仅如此，它还可以让你看起来年轻，而且精力充沛，它让你分泌胶原，使得肌肤细腻红润。最大的一个益处便是，性爱可以让你的寿命得以增长。杜克大学的一项调查表明，经常做爱的女性很可能会增加半年以上的寿命，而男性则会降低50％的早逝几率。下一次时，你不妨想想性爱的良多益处，思考一下它如何能让你不早逝吧！
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