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Are you easily provoked? Wish you had a strategy to remain cool, calm and collected when someone makes you angry?
你容易被激怒吗？是不是希望在有人惹你生气时能有一种方法让自己保持冷静、镇定和沉着？
New research says you should try this: Pretend you're viewing the irritating situation from a distance, rather than actively participating in it.
最新的研究表明，你应该试试这种方法：假装你是在从远处旁观令人生气的场景，而不是参与其中的局内人。
The study, from researchers at The Ohio State University and the University of Michigan, shows that this strategy, called 'self-distancing,' can help minimize how angry and aggressive people become when someone aggravates them. It also shows that this technique can be learned quickly - and can work in the heat of the moment, when people are most likely to act aggressively.
俄亥俄州立大学（Ohio State University）和密歇根大学（University of Michigan）的研究员所做的这项研究表明，这种被称为“自我疏离”（self-distancing）的方法有助于将人们在被激怒时的愤怒和攻击性降到最低。研究还表明，这种方法学起来很快，而且能在人们最有可能表现出攻击性的关键时刻起作用。
'People don't self-distance naturally; when they become angry, they naturally ruminate on it,' says Brad J. Bushman, a professor of communication and psychology at Ohio State and one of the study's co-authors. This, he says, 'keeps the aggressive thoughts and angry feelings active in your mind, which makes it more likely that you'll act aggressively.'
俄亥俄州立大学传播学和心理学教授、该研究报告作者之一布什曼（Brad J. Bushman）说，人们不会自然地进行“自我疏离”；当他们生气时，会很自然地沉迷于自己的情绪当中。他说，这会让攻击性的想法和愤怒的情绪活跃在脑子里，从而使人更有可能表现出攻击性。
The findings, published online in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, were gathered from two related experiments.
这项发表在《实验社会心理学杂志》（Journal of Experimental Social Psychology）网站上的研究结果是从两个相关的实验中得来的。
All of the subjects were told that they were participating in a study of the effects of music on creativity. They were asked to try and solve difficult anagrams (rearranging letters to form words such as 'pandemonium' or 'lieutenant') in seven seconds with Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring playing loudly, and to announce their answers over an intercom.
所有研究对象都被告知是参加一项音乐对创造性的影响的研究。研究人员要求他们尝试在七秒钟内解决很难的拆字重组字谜（重组单词中的英文字母组成“pandemonium”或“lieutenant”等单词），并通过对讲系统说出自己的答案。解字谜的同时大声播放着斯特拉文斯基（Igor Stravinsky）的《春之祭》（Rite of Spring）。
To provoke them, the experimenters interrupted repeatedly, first telling them to speak louder and eventually saying, 'This is the third time I have to say this! Can't you follow directions? Speak louder!'
为了激怒他们，实验人员不停地打断他们，先是让他们提高嗓门，最后说“这是我第三次这么说了！你就不能按要求做吗？再大点声！”
The participants were then assigned to one of three groups and asked to replay the scene in their mind for 45 seconds. The immersion group was told to view it as if it were happening all over again. The self-distancing group was told to look at it from a distance. The control group received no specific directions.
接着研究人员将参与者分成三组，并让他们在脑中将刚才的场景回想45秒钟。第一组被告知回想时要身临其境。“自我疏离”小组被告知从远处观察。对照组没有接到任何具体的指令。
Then the real experiments started. In the first, 94 college students were asked to report their mood and to complete words that had blank letters. In the second one, 86 students were told they were competing with a partner to see who could push a button faster. The winner could then blast the loser with an intense noise through a headset, choosing the decibel level and duration.
接着真正的实验开始了。在第一个实验中，研究人员要求94名大学生说出自己的情绪，并完成有字母空白的单词。（Ki**可以是kite、kiss或kill。）在第二个实验中，86名学生被告知他们要与一位同伴比赛，看谁更快按下按钮。然后赢的人可以在耳机里向输的人发出刺耳的噪声，分贝和持续时间由赢的人定。
The result: Students who used the self-distancing strategy were less angry and irritable - and behaved less aggressively, using shorter and less intense noise blasts - than those who used the self-immersion approach or those in the control group.
结果是：相对身临其境组或对照组的学生，用自我疏离方法的学生没那么生气和易怒，行为的攻击性也较小。
'The better approach is to step back and view the situation like a fly on the wall,' says Dr. Bushman.
布什曼博士说，最好的方法是抽身而出，把发生的场景当作 上的一只苍蝇来看。
