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为何君主制度依然存在
On Sept. 9th, 2015, Queen Elizabeth the Second surpassed her great-great grandmother Queen Victoria to become the longest running British monarch in history. But although the Queen is quite popular in the United Kingdom, about one in 6 Britons feel the monarchy should be completely abolished. So, why do we still have monarchies?
2015年9月9日，伊丽莎白二世女王超过她的高曾祖母维多利亚女王成为英国历史上统治时间最长的君主。但是，尽管女王在英国非常受欢迎，然而六分之一的英国人认为应该完全取缔君主制。那么，为什么君主制仍然存在呢？
Well, the United Kingdom isn’t the only country to retain a royal family. In fact,there are around 40 nations worldwide with monarchs - with various titles like King,Queen, Sultan and Emir. Many of these countries are leftover British colonies who still acknowledge the authority of Queen Elizabeth the Second.Several are still ruled through absolute monarchies.Nations like Swaziland and Qatar have hereditary rulers who exert full control over legislative,executive and judicial branches of the government.
英国并不是唯一一个仍然保留皇室家族的国家。实际上，全世界大约40个国家拥有君主——他们的头衔各不相同，比如国王，女王，苏丹和埃米尔。许多这些国家是残余的英国殖民地，仍然认可伊丽莎白二世女王的权威。有几个国家仍然通过绝对的君主制统治。斯威士兰和卡塔尔等国家的统治者实行世袭制，完全控制着政府的立法，行政和司法系统。
One of the most successful absolute monarchies is in Vatican City, which is governed by the Pope. The rest are primarily in the Middle East and Africa. These nations tend to be plagued by human rights abuses because there aren’t sufficient checks on the monarch’s supreme power.
其中最成功的绝对的君主制在梵蒂冈城，由教皇统治。其他的主要在中东和非洲地区。这些国家践踏人权罪行泛滥，因为对君主的超级权力没有充分的监督和审查。
But in most nations with royal families, like Sweden or Japan, monarch power is minimal,and they have few if any official state duties.They retain mostly symbolic power, and exist as the face of the country for ceremonial functions. Known as the “head of state,”they differ from the “head of government,”who would be the actual political leader of the government.
但是在拥有王室家族的大部分国家，比如瑞典或日本，王权微乎其微，他们几乎没有任何官方责任。他们很大程度上只保留象征性的权力，他们的存在只在礼仪方面代表整个国家。作为国家元首，他们有别于政府元首。政府元首才是政府的政治领导人。
In the United Kingdom, one expert summed up the Queen’s duties as, “the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn.” The Queen’s political powers DO include appointing the Prime Minister and declaring War or Peace. However, traditionally,the monarch’s decisions in the UK have aligned with the constitutional government’s. If they ever were to disagree, these laws could change to remove the monarch’s authority.
在英国，一名专家总结女王的职责为，“被咨询的权利，鼓励的权利，并发出警告的权利”。女王的政治权利确实包括委任首相，宣布战争或和平状态。然而，传统来讲，英国君主的决定与立宪政体一致。如果双方决定不一致，这些法律可以做出改变来撤销君主的权利。
For example, in 2008, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg refused to sign a euthanasia bill into law,although it had been approved by parliament.Luxembourg's parliament then promptly amended the constitution so that bills no longer needed the signature of the Grand Duke.
例如，2008年，卢森堡大公拒绝将安乐死法案签署法律，尽管议会已经通过。卢森堡议会立即修改宪法，所以这些法案不再需要大公的签名。
Today, one of the most important royal duties is with philanthropy. Queen Elizabeth the second is said to have “done more for charity than any other monarch in history”, helping to raise more than a billion dollars in aid.
现在，王室最主要的责任就是博爱和仁慈。伊丽莎白二世女王比历史上任何一位君主在慈善事业方面付出的都多。
Overall, British royalty is said to contribute to more than 3,000 charities worldwide. Royal families also play a role in preserving a nation’s culture and history. The British crown jewels and a number of castles and palaces are owned by the state, but they are used by royalty to keep the UK’s historical traditions alive. Monarchies may be a thing of the past,but royal families are invaluable for cultural preservation, diplomacy, and philanthropy.
英国王室据称在全世界开办了3000多个慈善机构。王室家族在保护国家的文化和历史方面也发挥着重要作用。英国王冠和一些城堡，宫殿都由国家所有，但是由王室使用，来保持英国的历史传统。君主或许是过去的国王，但是王室家族在保护文化，外交和慈善方面的价值是不可估量的。
Some British citizens, however, think that monarchy is outdated. Should Britain still have a king and queen? Learn more in Seeker Daily’s video.
然而，一些英国公民认为君主制过时了。英国应该保留国王和王后吗？登录我们的网站查看。
