New Words and Expressions:

messiness
n. 杂乱状况

messy a.

massive
a. large in scale, amount, or degree 大量的，大规模的

vocabulary
n. 词汇（量）

snack
n. a small meal 快餐，点心

snack bar
快餐柜，小吃店

parade
n. 游行；阅兵队列

hit parade
a weekly listing of the current best-selling pop records 流行唱片目录

corrupt
vt. cause errors to appear in; cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains 讹用，使（语言）变得不标准；腐蚀，贿赂

ban
vt. forbid (sth.) officially 禁止，取缔

walkman
n. a small cassette player 随身听

strictly speaking
严格地讲

invent
vt. 发明

invention n.

fascinating
a. of great interest or attraction 迷人的，有极大吸引力的

manufacturer
n. 制造商

product
n. 产品

tolerance
n. 容忍，宽容；忍耐

to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent
to the degree specified 在（极大，某种）程度上

necessity
n. 必需品；必要（性）

Anglo-Saxon
n. 盎格鲁—萨克逊人

arouse
vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude) 唤起，激起

channel
n. 海峡；渠道；频道

surrender
v. give in 投降

virtually
ad. for the most part, almost 差不多，几乎

invade
vt. enter with armed forces 侵入，侵略

Celt
n. 凯尔特人

inhabit
vt. live in (a place) 居住于

Welsh
a., n. 威尔士语（的），威尔士人的

mystery
n. 神秘的事物

Sanskrit
n. 梵语

resemble
vt. be like or similar to 与…相似

Greek
n. 希腊语

Latin
n. 拉丁语

systematic
a. done according to a system 有系统的

descend
vi. come down (from a source); go down 起源于；下来

linguist
n. a person who studies languages 语言学家

Indo-European
a. 印欧语系的

wolf
n. 狼

scholar
n. 学者

establish
vt. cause to be, set up 建立，确立

drift
vi. move or go somewhere in a slow casual way 漂泊

climate
n. (an area or a region with) a regular pattern of weather conditions 气候（区）

Germanic
a. 日耳曼（人）的，日耳曼语的，德国（人）的

tribe
n. 部落

pass (sth.) on to (sb.)
hand or give (sth.) to (sb.) 将…传给…

influence
n. 影响

Christianity
n. 基督教

Christian
a. 基督教的

n. 基督教徒

disciple
n. 信徒，门徒

martyr
n. 殉难者，烈士

Norse
n. （古）斯堪的纳维亚语

addition
n. a person or thing added 增加的人（或物）

Norman
n., a. 诺曼人（的），诺曼语（的），诺曼文化的

conquer
v. take possession and control by force; defeat 征服

kingly
a. 国王（般）的

royal
a. 国王或女王的；皇家的

sovereign
a. (of power) without limit, highest; (of a nation) fully independent 拥有最高统治权的，至高无上的；拥有主权的

alternative
n. one of two or more possibilities 供选择的东西

modify
vt. change slightly 修改，更改

enrich
vt. make rich or richer; improve 使富裕，使丰富

Renaissance
n. （欧洲-世纪的）文艺复兴

translation
n. 译本，译文；翻译

Roman
a. 古罗马的，拉丁语的

classic
n. a work of art recognized as having lasting value 经典作品

capsule
n. 密封小容器；胶囊；航天舱

habitual
a. done as a habit, regular, usual 惯常的

catastrophe
n. a sudden great disaster 大灾难

thermometer
n. 温度计

video
n., a. 录像（的）

cyberspace
n. the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs 网络空间，虚拟空间

independent
a. not controlled by other people or things 独立的，自主的

source
n. 源，来源

out of control
失去控制，不受约束

academy
n. 学会，学院，研究院

fortunately
ad. by good luck 幸运地，幸亏

put into practice
将…付诸实施

Danish
a. 丹麦（人）的，丹麦语的

liberty
n. freedom 自由

strike out
create, produce 创造，开创

cultural
a. of or involving culture 文化的

nourish
vt. 滋养，培育

preserve
n. 独占的地区或范围；禁猎地
vt. keep from harm, damage, etc., protect; save 保护，保存

grammarian
n. 语法学家

intellectual
n., a. 知识分子（的）

elite
n. the group regarded as the best （总称）出类拔萃的人，精英

Proper Names

Robert MacNeil
罗伯特·麦克尼尔

Winston Churchill
温斯顿·丘吉尔（ — ，英国政治家、首相）

Hitler
希特勒（ — ，纳粹德国元首）

Julius Caesar
尤利乌斯·凯撒（ — BC，古罗马将军、政治家）

Britain
英国

India
印度

Pakistan
巴基斯坦

Viking
（ — 世纪时劫掠欧洲西北海岸的）北欧海盗

Scandinavia
斯堪的纳维亚

England
英格兰

William Caxton
威廉·卡克斯顿（英国印刷商、翻译家）

Otto Jespersen
奥托·叶斯柏森（ — ）

Language sense Enhancement:
1. Read aloud paragraphs - and learn by heart.
2. Read aloud the following poem:

Languages
Carl Sandbury

There are no handles upon a language
Whereby men take hold of it
And mark it with signs for its remembrance.
It is a river, this language,
Once in a thousand years
Breaking a new course
Changing its way to the ocean.
It is a mountain effluvia
Moving to valleys
And from nation to nation
Crossing borders and mixing.

3. Read the following quotations. Learn them by heart if you can. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.

The English language is the sea which receives tributaries from every region under heaven.
—— Ralph Waldo Emerson

Language ought to be the joint creation of poets and manual workers.
—— Georqe Orwell

England and America are two countries separated by the same language.
—— Georqe Bernard Shaw

. Read the following joke and see if you can tell what caused the misunderstanding of the technician's words by the woman. You might need to look up new words in a dictionary.

An office technician got a call from a user. The user told the technician that her computer was not working. She described the problem and the technician concluded that the computer needed to be brought in and serviced.

He told her to "Unplug the power cord and bring it up here and I will fix it."

About fifteen minutes later she showed up at his door with the power cord in her hand.