7. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question.

【分析】多重复合句。两个whether引导的从句并列作主句主语，is是系动词，an unanswered question是表语。 第一个从句为“主语+不及物动词+状语”结构；第二个从句的主语是it，指代上一从句的主语such a sense of fairness，谓语是 stems frorm，that引导的定语从句修饰宾语the common ancestor。
【译文】但是这种公平感是由卷尾猴和人各自独立演化而成，还是来自3,500万年前它们共闻的祖先，到目前这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

8. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?

【分析】多重复合句。虽然本句有三个问号，其实是一个句子。主语为you，谓语为remember，宾语为all those years。when引导的定语从句修饰all those years，其主干为 scientists argued that…but the doubters insisted that…That…That…。定语从句中嵌套四个宾语从句，第一个为谓语用argued的宾语，后三个为谓语insisted的宾语。
【译文】还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还得出怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？