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考研英语长难句讲解 第163期

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19.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution, ”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

【分析】复合句。主句主干为The southern states would not have signed the Constitution;介词结构including a clause…对peculiar institution作进一步的解释,其中that引导的定语从句修饰clause。本句中用到了虚拟语气,would not have signed表达的是与过去亊实相反的假设,介词短语without protections for the "peculiar institution”表达了隐含的条件,相当于if they had not had protections for the "peculiar institution"。

【译文】如果不保护他们的“特殊制度”,南方各州是不会签署联邦宪法的。“特殊制度”中有一条规定:在选举国会代表时,一个奴隶可算作五分之三个公民。

【点拨】1)clause常见的意思为“分句,从句”,本句中意为“(法律、合同等的)条款,款项”。2)for purposes of“为了…...”。

【临摹】这幅画只是为了说明起见。

with或without表达隐含条件的用法

with或without在句中作状语,可以表示真实的条件,也可以表示虚拟的条件,理解为“如果...”或“若是没有…”。 例如:Without his help, I don’t know how to get started.没有他的帮助,我无从下手(真实的条件)。Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. = If it had not been for your help…若是没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成任务(非真实条件)。

20.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow in the victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory。介词短语in the presidential...作状语,其中包含by引导的方式状语。

【译文】3/5代表权的规定让选举团中支持杰弗逊的南方各州的人数增多,使杰弗逊在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势胜出。

【点拨】l)hand sb. sth.本意为“递给某人某物”,本句中引申为“帮助某人获得某物”的意思。2)narrow victory意为“险胜,以微弱优势获胜”。3)inflate作及物动词时,原意为“使充气;使通货膨胀”,本句中意为“使大量增加”。

临摹答案

13. Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

14. A strong man will struggle with storms of fate.

15. sI cannot totally take your point, but by and large I think yours is reasonable.

17. Her success was in part due to luck.

19. This picture is for purposes of illustration only.

重点单词   查看全部解释    
clause [klɔ:z]

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n. 条款,款项,[语]从句,分句

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illustration [i.ləs'treiʃən]

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n. 插图,例证,说明,图解

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formula ['fɔ:mjulə]

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n. 公式,配方,规则;代乳品
adj. (赛

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inflate [in'fleit]

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v. 使膨胀,使得意,使通货膨胀 [计算机] 使膨胀

 
election [i'lekʃən]

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n. 选举

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constitution [.kɔnsti'tju:ʃən]

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n. 组织,宪法,体格

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institution [.insti'tju:ʃən]

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n. 机构,制度,创立

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counted [kaunt]

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vt. 计算;认为 vi. 计数;有价值 n. 计数;计

 
reasonable ['ri:znəbl]

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adj. 合理的,适度的,通情达理的

 

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