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《名人传记》之乔布斯如何改变世界11:鲍勃·迪伦和披头士的粉丝

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Getting shocked was a badge of honor for Woz. He prided himself on being a hardware engineer, which meant that random shocks were routine. He once devised a roulette game where four people put their thumbs in a slot; when the ball landed, one would get shocked. “Hardware guys will play this game, but software guys are too chicken,” he noted.

对沃兹来说,被电击就好像是获得荣誉奖章一样。作为一名硬件工程师让他很自豪,但这也意味着触电是家常便饭。他曾经发明过一种轮盘赌游戏:四个人把拇指按在槽里,球落下之后,其中的一个会被电到。“搞硬件的人才愿意玩这个游戏,搞软件的都太胆小了。”他这么强调。

During his senior year he got a part-time job at Sylvania and had the chance to work on a computer for the first time. He learned FORTRAN from a book and read the manuals for most of the systems of the day, starting with the Digital Equipment PDP-8. Then he studied the specs for the latest microchips and tried to redesign the computers using these newer parts. The challenge he set himself was to replicate the design using the fewest components possible. Each night he would try to improve his drawing from the night before. By the end of his senior year, he had become a master. “I was now designing computers with half the number of chips the actual company had in their own design, but only on paper.” He never told his friends. After all, most seventeen-year-olds were getting their kicks in other ways.

到了高中四年级,他在喜万年公司(Sylvania)得到了一份兼职工作,人生中第一次有机会在计算机前工作。他从书上自学了FORTRAN语言,并阅读了当时大多数电子系统的使用说明,从数字设备公司(DigitalEquipment)的:PDP-8开始。之后,他研究了最新的微芯片的规格,开始使用这些最新的元器件重新设计计算机。他为自己定的挑战是:使用最少的元器件来实现。“我关上房门,在自己的房间里独自完成了这项工作。”他回忆说。每天晚上,他都会努力在前一天的基础上进一步完善自己的设计。到四年级结束时,他已经成为这方面的专家了。“我设计的计算机,使用的芯片数量只有市面上产品中芯片数量的一半,但我的设计还停留在图纸上。”他从没有跟他的朋友提到过这些。毕竟,大多数17岁的孩子都在忙着干其他事情。

On Thanksgiving weekend of his senior year, Wozniak visited the University of Colorado. It was closed for the holiday, but he found an engineering student who took him on a tour of the labs. He begged his father to let him go there, even though the out-of-state tuition was more than the family could easily afford. They struck a deal: He would be allowed to go for one year, but then he would transfer to De Anza Community College back home. After arriving at Colorado in the fall of 1969, he spent so much time playing pranks (such as producing reams of printouts saying “Fuck Nixon”) that he failed a couple of his courses and was put on probation. In addition, he created a program to calculate Fibonacci numbers that burned up so much computer time the university threatened to bill him for the cost. So he readily lived up to his bargain with his parents and transferred to De Anza.

髙中第四年感恩节的周末,沃兹拜访了科罗拉多大学。学校放假了,但他找到了一个工程系的学生,那个人带着他参观了实验室。沃兹尼亚克请求父亲送他去那里读书,尽管州外学生的学费并不是他们轻易拿得出的。他们达成了一个协议:沃兹可以去科罗拉多大学读一年,但一年之后必须转回离家较近的迪安扎(DeAnza)社区学院。1969年秋天抵达科罗拉多之后,沃兹把大把的时间用在了恶作剧上(包括印发大量写着“去你妈的尼克松”的传单),以至于未能通过一些课程的考试,被学校留校察看。此外,他编写了一个程序,不停地计算斐波那契数列,占用了大量的计算机运行时间,学校威胁要他承担费用。为了不让父母知道这些事,他转学到了迪安扎。

After a pleasant year at De Anza, Wozniak took time off to make some money. He found work at a company that made computers for the California Motor Vehicle Department, and a coworker made him a wonderful offer: He would provide some spare chips so Wozniak could make one of the computers he had been sketching on paper. Wozniak decided to use as few chips as possible, both as a personal challenge and because he did not want to take advantage of his colleague’s largesse.

在迪安扎愉快地度过了一年后,沃兹尼亚克决定休学去赚钱。他在一家为交通部门生产计算机的公司里找到了工作,一名同事还给了他丰厚的馈赠:将一些多余的芯片提供给沃兹,让他将一直停留在图纸上的计算机变成现实。沃兹尼亚克决定使用尽可能少的芯片,一方面作为对自己的挑战,另一方面也是因为不想利用同事的慷慨。

Much of the work was done in the garage of a friend just around the corner, Bill Fernandez, who was still at Homestead High. To lubricate their efforts, they drank large amounts of Cragmont cream soda, riding their bikes to the Sunnyvale Safeway to return the bottles, collect the deposits, and buy more. “That’s how we started referring to it as the Cream Soda Computer,” Wozniak recalled. It was basically a calculator capable of multiplying numbers entered by a set of switches and displaying the results in binary code with little lights.

沃兹的大多数工作都是在附近一个朋友家的车库中完成的,此人就是当时还在家园高中读书的比尔·费尔南德斯(BillFernandez)。为了让工作顺利完成,他们喝了很多克雷格蒙特奶油苏打水,然后骑着自行车去森尼韦尔的西夫韦超市退还瓶子,换到钱后再买更多汽水。“正是因为这个我们才把它叫做奶油苏打水电脑。”沃兹尼亚克说。这其实是一台可以做乘法的计算器,通过一系列开关将数字输入,然后用小灯显示的二进制码呈现结果。

When it was finished, Fernandez told Wozniak there was someone at Homestead High he should meet. “His name is Steve. He likes to do pranks like you do, and he’s also into building electronics like you are.” It may have been the most significant meeting in a Silicon Valley garage since Hewlett went into Packard’s thirty-two years earlier. “Steve and I just sat on the sidewalk in front of Bill’s house for the longest time, just sharing stories—mostly about pranks we’d pulled, and also what kind of electronic designs we’d done,” Wozniak recalled. “We had so much in common. Typically, it was really hard for me to explain to people what kind of design stuff I worked on, but Steve got it right away. And I liked him. He was kind of skinny and wiry and full of energy.” Jobs was also impressed. “Woz was the first person I’d met who knew more electronics than I did,” he once said, stretching his own expertise. “I liked him right away. I was a little more mature than my years, and he was a little less mature than his, so it evened out. Woz was very bright, but emotionally he was my age.”

1970年秋天,奶油苏打水电脑完工后,费尔南德斯告诉沃兹尼亚克,他应该见见家园高中的一个人。“他叫史蒂夫,跟你一样喜欢恶作剧,也跟你一样喜欢电子学。”这应该是继32年前休利特走进帕卡德的车库之后,硅谷历史上意义最重大的一次车库会面。“史蒂夫和我就在比尔家门前的人行道上坐了很久,分享彼此的故事——大多是关于我们搞的恶作剧,还有各自做过的电子设计,”沃兹回忆说,“我们有如此多的共同点。一般来说,我很难向别人解释清楚我做的设计,但史蒂夫一下子就听明白了。我喜欢他。他痩巴巴的,但是充满了活力。”乔布斯也印象深刻。“沃兹是我见过的第一个比我还懂电子学的人,”他从专业的角度这么说,“我立刻就喜欢上他了。我比自己的真实年龄要显得更成熟,而沃兹正相反,我们拉平了。沃兹非常聪明,但情商方面却像是我这个年龄的人。”

In addition to their interest in computers, they shared a passion for music. “It was an incredible time for music,” Jobs recalled. “It was like living at a time when Beethoven and Mozart were alive. Really. People will look back on it that way. And Woz and I were deeply into it.” In particular, Wozniak turned Jobs on to the glories of Bob Dylan. “We tracked down this guy in Santa Cruz who put out this newsletter on Dylan,” Jobs said. “Dylan taped all of his concerts, and some of the people around him were not scrupulous, because soon there were tapes all around. Bootlegs of everything. And this guy had them all.”

除了对计算机的兴趣,两人还都热爱音乐。“那时候是音乐的鼎盛时期,”乔布斯回忆说,“就好像贝多芬和莫扎特还活着一样。真的。人们回顾那个时期时真的会这么想。沃兹和我深深沉醉其中。”尤为值得一提的是,沃兹让乔布斯迷上了鲍勃·迪伦(BobDylan)。“我们一直追随着圣克鲁兹一个叫斯蒂芬·皮克林(StephenPickering)的家伙,他会放出迪伦的行踪动向,”乔布斯说,“迪伦会录下自己所有的音乐会,但他身边的一些人不是很谨慎,所以这些磁带很快就到处都是了。盗版也到处都是。而这个皮克林收集了他所有的磁带。”


重点单词   查看全部解释    
spare [spɛə]

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adj. 多余的,闲置的,备用的,简陋的
v.

 
vehicle ['vi:ikl]

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n. 车辆,交通工具,手段,工具,传播媒介

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transfer [træns'fə:]

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n. 迁移,移动,换车
v. 转移,调转,调任

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particular [pə'tikjulə]

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adj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的
n.

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community [kə'mju:niti]

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n. 社区,社会,团体,共同体,公众,[生]群落

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senior ['si:njə]

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adj. 年长的,高级的,资深的,地位较高的

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convenient [kən'vi:njənt]

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adj. 方便的,便利的

 
mature [mə'tjuə]

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adj. 成熟的,(保单)到期的,考虑周到的

 
addition [ə'diʃən]

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n. 增加,附加物,加法

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invent [in'vent]

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vt. 发明,创造,捏造

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