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9. Jazz--The first Thirty Years
九.爵士乐初期的三十年
The city of New Orleans features prominently in early development of jazz. A port city with doors to the spicy sounds of the Caribbean and Mexico and a large, well-established black population, the Crescent City was ripe for the development of new music at the turn of the century. New Orleans was home to great early clarinetists Johnny Dodds, Jimmy Noone and Sidney Bechet.
新奥尔良在爵士乐发展初期起着举足轻重的作用。它对不同风格的加勒比海、墨西哥及黑人音乐敞开门户,使新奥尔良市在世纪初具备了发展新兴音乐的成熟条件。新奥尔良是早期单簧管演奏家Johnny Dodds，Jimmy Noone和Sidney Bechet的家乡。
Chicago became the focal point for jazz in the early 1920s when New Orleans musicians found their way north after clubs in the Storyville area of New Orleans were closed. Chicago was a magnet for musicians in the Mid-West.
二十年代初，新奥尔良的大批音乐家流向北方，芝加哥成为爵士乐发展的焦点,起因是新奥尔良Storyville地区许多俱乐部的倒闭。芝加哥成为了中西部地区音乐家的栖息地。
New York City contributed to the richness of jazz in many ways. The first piano style to be incorporated into jazz was stride. The city was also the center of the music publishing business. Also in New York, James Reese Europe experimented with a style of jazz that involved large orchestras.
纽约同样对爵士乐的丰富做出了很多贡献。钢琴表演与爵士乐的第一次结合便大获成功。纽约也是音乐出版物行业的中心。同样是在纽约，James Reese Europe实验了大型管弦乐队与爵士乐的合奏。
In the late twenties, the jazz center of the the United States moved from Chicago to New York City as many musicians did also.
二十年代后期，因为许多音乐家搬到了纽约，因此爵士乐在美国的大本营也从芝加哥搬到了纽约。
As jazz evolved, highly arranged dance music became the norm. When white musicians like Benny Goodman added black arrangements to their scores, jazz began to move into the Swing or Big Band period. Large black and white jazz bands toured the United States filling the radio airwaves with swing, a term which became synonymous with jazz. Great African American bands during the swing era were Jimmy Lunceford, Chick Webb, Mills Blue Rhythm and Andy Kirk's Clouds of Joy.
随着爵士乐的发展，良好的舞蹈音乐形式成为了一种标准。当白人音乐家例如Benny Goodman在音乐中加入了黑人的编排，爵士乐开始进入了Swing或称为Big Band的时期。大型黑人和白人的乐队的巡美演出以Swing充斥着电台，这样，Swing变为了Jazz的同义词。Swing时代著名的黑人乐队有Jimmy Lunceford，Chick Webb，Mills Blue Rhythm和Adny Kirk's Clouds of Joy。
