托福写作中常用的逻辑关系词有哪些呢?
1. 否定
明显: no, not, none, neither, never, deny
隐含: fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few
否定前缀: a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…
否定后缀: -less, free-, proof-
2. 并列: and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same way
both…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa
3. 因果
明显:because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,
hence.
隐含:导致:in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,
prompt, be responsible to
由于: derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from
on account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on
4. 条件
明显: if, unless, as long as, in case that/of
隐含: suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that,
except when=unless
5. 比较
明显: 比较级,最高级+than
隐含: 最高意义:maximum, favorite, outstanding, top
6. 转折
明显:but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,
nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast to
on the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely
隐含: for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要
超隐含: 时间,空间,事物对比
a- asexual无性别 amoral不道德的,与道德无关的 asymmetric不对称的
ab- abnormal 异常的abduct诱拐(词根duct管道、引导) abuse(ab-,-use)滥用
anti- antislavery反奴隶制度 antithesis(n.) 对立,反对antihuman 反人类
counter-CS (counter-strike), counterterrorist 反恐terrorist恐怖分子 counteract 对抗、抵消
de- destruction 拆除decompose 分解
dis- dislike讨厌 disagree不同意 disappear消失 disprove 证明为错,反驳 disable 使无能力或残废
il- illegal 不合法的 illogical不合逻辑的
il- 加强illuminate照耀,照亮 illustrate阐明(词根-luster光泽 区分lust强烈的欲望)
im- impossible imperfect immemorial 太古的,记不住的immoral 不道德的
impersonal非个人的 (区分impersonate扮演模仿)
im-内 import 进口imbibe 吸入immigrate移入 emigration迁出
im-加强-impulse刺激,冲击,冲动 impel 驱使
in- incorrect incapable informal非正式的 incomparable 无敌的,无双的
in-内 inside内部的 inland内陆的 inject注入,注射
in-加强 inspirit激励(sprite小精灵) invigorate使充满活力 inflame使发炎,使激怒,燃烧
ir- irregular不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的 irrational不理智的 irrelative不相关的 irresolute不果断的 irreligious无宗教信仰的
mal- malevolent邪恶的,恶毒的 malcontent不满 malfunction 故障maltreat虐待 malediction
mis- misunderstand误解 misuse误用,滥用 misfortune不幸 mistreat虐待
non- nonentity nonexistent nonstop non-continuous
un- unbelievable不可相信的 unequal不平等的 unfortunate不幸的 unorthodox非正统的(orthodox正统的(重要单词))
-less useless homeless rootless 没有根的ceaseless无休止的
-free bubble-free没有气泡的 talent-free没有天赋的 crime-free无犯罪的
-proof waterproof gas-proof soundproof lightproof
Generally speaking, China, absolutely, the third largest country which fosters 1.3 billion people consisting of 56 different nationalities, is a great and majestic country, but it is after all a developing country, when compared with the US, and is facing more crises than had some western countries done before, attracting the attention of the whole world.
adv. 绝对地,完全地;独立地