一、现分与过分的区别
现分　　　　　　过分　　　　　　考与不考备注
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　90%（后置定语，状）
进行　　　　　　完成　　　　　　10%（前置定语）
┗┏┃　　　　动作　　　　　　状态　　　　　　不考
┏　a retired general
┗ a retirign general 错
┏　a fallen fruit 在地下
┗ a falling fruit　　　　正在掉
二、现在分词与过去分词的用法
1. 用于名词后作后置定语，等同于定语从句，只考虑主被动
Indians who lived in
~~~~~~~~~~~~=living
分词＝从句
2. 用于句首，句末作状语，只考虑主被动
非此即彼　┏included in/by
┗including 分，prep
┏involved in
┗involving
3. 常考的接doing的词
enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,
mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit
spend ... (in) doing
have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in)　doing
三、动词不定式的省略用法
1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省
┗help sb to do = help sb do
2. 使役动词必省to
let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do
have sth done
3. 关于感观动词
see, hear, notice, feel, watch
必须省to
┏see sb do 看见整个过程
┗see sb doing　　看见动作正在进行
改被动后to 要加回来
┏be seen to do
┗be seen doing
四、动词不定式的固定用法
1. 第一"人"
the first (sb) to do
2. 表"迫使"的动词
allow sb to do allow sth
permit sb to do permit sth
enable sb to do enable sth
cause sb to do cause sth
force sb to do force sth
3. 表"倾向"的adj./V
tend to do
attemp to do
be (more) likely to do
that + 句子
be inclined to do
be apt to do
be liable to do
4. 表"目的"的名词
The function + of sth. + is to do sth.
function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention
5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式
be able to do -> ability to do
enable sb to do
decide to do -> decision to do
be ambitious to do -> ambition to do
try to do -> make great efforts to do
attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do
五、动词不定式的其它形式
1. 动词不定式的将来式
主动：be to do
被动：be to be done
表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情
China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.
被动式与过去分词的区别
the surfaces to be glued
the surfaces glued
2. 动词不定式的完成时
主动　　to have done
被动　　to have been done
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前
I'm glad to have seen your son yesterday.
3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动
This plas is difficult to come out
easy
hard