1. But there was really only one way to get her throne back, an appeal to her cousin Elizabeth.
结构分析:这个句子是个简单句,其中的to get her throne back是动词不定式做定语修饰名词way。
An appeal to her cousin Elizabeth是名词性短语作同位语,做way的同位语,说明这个方式是什么。
2. She must have supposed her stay would last a month, a year at the most.
结构剖析:这是含有宾语从句的复合句。主句是:She must have supposed,从句是:her stay would last a month, a year at the most。
主句使用了虚拟语气。主句的谓语结构是:must have supposed。这个属于情态动词的虚拟语气的用法,must have done表示对过去了的事情非常肯定的猜测。
3. Had she known the real answer,19 years, she would surely have avoided the passage across the Solway Firth.
结构剖析:这句话是非真实条件虚拟句。主句是she would surely have avoided the passage across the Solway Firth,条件状语从句是:Had she known the real answer, 19 years。
条件状语从句中由于省略了if这个引导词,就必须采用倒装句式,将助动词had提到句首:had she known the real answer。
这个复合句使用了虚拟语气,主语的谓语结构是would have avoided,提炼一下就是would have done这个结构,表示与过去事实相反的情况。(详细分析:玛丽女王不知道横渡Solway海湾到达大不列颠需要19年,如果知道的话,她就不会采用这条路线走,可是事实玛丽女王采用的是这条路线。)
由于主句采用的是过去时态would,那么要注意从句和主句的时态相呼应,由于know the answer这个行为发生于avoided之前,所以条件状语从句使用的是过去完成时had known。