1. Mary now faced the rebel armies loyal to the murdered Darnley.
要点讲解:这是一个简单句。句中的loyal to the murdered Darnley是属于形容词短语,所以它必须放于被修饰词的后面,修饰armies,做后置定语。再如:
例1:I think he is a man suitable for the job.(我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。)
例2:We need a place twice larger than this one.(我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。)
此外,在这个形容词短语中,murdered是过去分词作前置定语。它和被修饰词Darnley存在的是被动关系,是达恩利被谋杀,因此要用过去分词。
2. But on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements, or so he said, leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own.
结构剖析:这是含有现在分词短语的复合句。
主句是:on the verge of battle, Bothwell conveniently disappeared to gather reinforcements,现在分词短语是:leaving Mary to face the enemy on her own,剩余的or so he said是做插入语,but是起到承上启下的作用,表示转折。
在主句中on the verge of battles是介词短语作时间状语。
现在分词短语作伴随状况状语。(详细讲解:Bothwell借口以去召集增援部队而离开Mary时,Mary是给抛弃而独自面对敌人,Mary的这话中处境是伴随Bothwell离开的那些时间而同时发生的,因此判断为伴随状况状语。)
3. Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed, and was greeted by a mob howling abuse.
结构剖析:这是一个有并列连词and连接的2个并列分句。
(1)第一个是:Dragged back to Edinburgh, captive, filthy and disheveled, she appeared at a window, her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第二个是:was greeted by a mob howling abuse。
(2)在第一个分句中含有一个过去分词短语和2个独立主格结构。过去分词短语是:dragged back to Edinburgh。这个过去分词短语作时间状语,可以改为时间状语从句:when she was dragged back to Edinburgh。Drag这个词在这里的意思是“迫使”的意思,它与主句的主语she是被动关系(注:她是被迫回到Edinburgh。),因此用过去分词短语。
(3)在主句中有三个形容词captive, filthy 和disheveled,它们都是做伴随状况状语,修饰谓语appear。(详解:当玛丽女王出现在窗口时候的状况是被俘虏的,肮脏的,头发蓬乱的。)
(4)主句中的2个独立主格是her dress torn from her shoulders, her breasts exposed。第一个主句是her dress,省略谓语系动词,直接跟标语torn from her shoulder。第二个主语是he breast,同样省略了系动词,后面接exposed,也是表语。这两个表示都过去分词性质的形容词。
(5)在第二个分句中,主语和第一个分句共用一个主语she,这样显得简洁。其中又一个现在分词短语作后置定语howling abuse修饰mod。