die of 意为 “因……而死”（原因多来自内部如情感、冻饿、生病等），其后跟hunger，cold, illness, old age, a fever, heat等名词,
The man died of lung-cancer(肺癌)。
这个人死于肺癌。
The beggar died of hunger and cold.
这个乞丐死于饥饿和寒冷。

die from 意为“由于……而死”(外因)（原因常来自外部创伤、交通事故），其后常跟wound， accident, over work, carelessness, drinking 等名词。
The engineer died from overwork.
这个工程师死于操劳过度。
The child died from weakness.
这个孩子因体质太虚弱而死了。

die for: 为某种目的而献身、牺牲

还有，一个die off 是逐渐死去

get one's hands on sth.

To get ones hands on (something ) means to manage to obtain it. For example : "I want to get hands on some tickets for the Beyonce concert . ""
的意思是设法得到某物，例如：“我想设法拿到几张碧昂丝演唱会的门票”。

leave sb alone: 不管(不理,不干涉,让单独呆着)
leave me alone 别管我，让我一个人静静。

mess up 弄糟
She felt she'd messed up her whole life.
她感觉到把自己的一生都搞砸了。

练习：

1. He died _____ the traffic accident last week.
A. of B. from C. with
2. This old man died _____ solitude, because his son deserted(抛弃) him.
A. by B. from C. of

Key: B C