Lesson 13 A successful operation

一例成功的手术

一、词汇部分
1.mummy/ˈmʌm.i/n. 木乃伊
2.Egyptian /iˈdʒɪp.ʃən/adj. 埃及的
扩展：Egypt 埃及

3.temple/ˈtem.pəl/n. 庙
扩展：monk/nun/contemplation

4.mark/mɑːrk/n. 斑点
扩展：marker /stain

5.plate/pleɪt/ n. （照相）底片
扩展：Can you take a photo for us?

6.disease/dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病
扩展：ailment/ill/sick

7.last/læst/v. 持续
例句：I don’t know when it’ll end. It has lasted for at least a week.

8.prove/pruːv/ v. 显示出
例句：Prove them wrong.

9.resin /ˈrez.ɪn/n. 树脂
10.skin/skɪn/n. 皮肤
11.section/ˈsek.ʃən/n. 切片
词根：sect-切割／seg-／segment

12.figure/ˈfɪɡ.jɚ/n.（人的）体形；人像
搭配：figure out 搞清楚，弄明白

13.normally/ˈnɔːr.mə.li/adv. 通常地
14.survive/sɚˈvaɪv/v. 幸免于
扩展：vivid 生动的，活泼的

文章讲解

The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

文章精讲：

1.The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.

知识点:
定语从句：人＋who标志词（复词整个语法体系的结构）
例句：Peter is this kind of guy who always put himself in the first place.

定语从句的功能：形容词——修饰名词。写作方法，两步法：
1)先写简单句。
2)合并简单句。

皮特是第一个能在哈佛大学毕业典礼上演讲的中国人。

1)Peter is the first Chinese
2)Peter speaks at Harvard’s commencement.

合：Peter is the first Chinese who speaks at Harvard’s commencement.

主句：The mummyhas just had an operation

Someone was once a +职业——曾经是…职业。
例：Jack was once a teacher in college, but he quit and started his own business. So, here comes Alibaba.

2.As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

知识点:
As 的3个词性（副词，介词，连词）
As引导让步状语从句时，如果表语是：名词、形容词、副词、动词（后面有情态动词）

1)Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。

2)Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.
他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。

3)Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house.
无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。

4)Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意

5)Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl.
他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。

过去分词做后置定语
结构：名词＋动词过去分词
例句：As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy

完成进行时——最近一直做某事
原句：doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

Take 词汇必备用法：

1)what do you take me for ?
2)Let’s take five
3)I can take care of this
4)It takes two to tango
5)Take a shower/take a bath
6)take a nap
7)take a leak
8)take it the wrong way
9)What's your take on this?
10)Can I take a day off tomorrow?
11)I don't feel like going out. Let's order take out.
12)take years off ／The haircut took years off you.
13)I gotta take off.
14)I'll take it from here.
15)take after. He takes after his mother.
16)Don't take it so hard

3.The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.

知识点:
The only way to do something is/was….
例句：The only way to learn English well is to stop looking for “magic methods” but start learning.
例句：The only way to do something well is to start doing.

非限定性定语从句
a.名词／句子，which
b.翻译处理：可以单独成句。

The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult

限定性定语从句
the hard resin which covered the skin


4.The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef.

5.This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

知识点:
定语从句：this god + which
have 词的用法
宾语从句

扩展阅读：What made you sad today?

This little baby got stuck in the drain and couldn’t get out for three hours.
I am unable to look into his pleading eyes. I feel like he is looking at the camera in a very depressing way, asking for help instead of taking pictures.
This happened in Thailand. While this is not the first time that a baby elephant fell into a drain, there is something more depressing about this picture. When I look into his eyes, I feel like I’m dying inside.
I wish all babies out there peace in the world.
May no species in this world go through this pain.