Lesson 1 Jumbo versus the police
小象对警察

一、词汇部分

1.versus/ˈvɝː.səs/ prep. 对
2.Christmas /ˈkrɪs.məs/ n. 圣诞节
3.Circus/ˈsɝː.kəs/ n. 马戏团
扩展：circus 中词根circ-圆圈；（circulation 流通／circulate v.流通）

4.Present/ˈprez.ənt/ n. 礼物

5.Accompany/əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ v. 陪伴
6.approach/əˈproʊtʃ/ v. 走近

7.ought/ɔt/ modal verb. 应该
搭配：ought to +动词原形

8.weigh/weɪ/ v.重
扩展：weight

9.fortunate/ˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/ adj. 幸运的
扩展：fortune 500 世界500强


文章讲解

Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

文章精讲：

1.Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.

1）知识点1:
表达：last +时间，一般过去时
例：Last night, we had a lot of fun.
例：You said you would help us last time.

语法：同位语
the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital

搭配：decide to do something 决定做某事
例：I decide to quit my job and start my own business. You know, but everyone one around me is trying to talk me out of it.

扩展：make up one’s mind 下定决心

搭配：take + someone/something to +地点
例句：I’ll take you the elevator.
例句：I’ll take you to his office.

2）知识点2:
语法：形容词短语作状语
转化：3不转化

a.添加主语和be 动词
b.确定时态
c.转化为两个句子

例句：Tired and exhausted, Peter fell asleep quickly.
转化：Peter was tired and exhausted. Peter fell asleep quickly

例句：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

语法：过去分词做状语
结构：Done sth, 句子 or句子，donesth.
转化：3不转化

a.添加主语和be 动词
b.确定时态
c.转化为两个句子

例句：Beaten by his father, Peter cried.
转化：Peter was beaten by his father. Peter cried.

例句：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

语法：现在分词做状语
结构：Doing sth,句子 or句子，doingsth.
转化：3不转化

a.添加主语和be 动词
b.确定时态
c.转化为两个句子

Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the cityriding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

2.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.

1）知识点1:
表达：should have done 本来应该做某事，但没有做事
例句：He should have stood up for me.
例句：I should have left. I’m so sorry for all these troubles.


表达：allow doing sth/ be allowed to do something
例句：You’re not allowed to leave.
例句：I’m not allowed to play video games before I finish my homework.

2）知识点2:
表达：as 词性分析（介词、副词、联词）
搭配：hold up the traffic阻塞交通

3.Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused.


知识点1:

Though 引导让步状语从句，不能和but 连用
例句：Though Laura and I broke up, I still see her as a friend.
例句：Though it’s night, Peter’s still working.

Have a difficult/hard time doing something 做某事很困难
例句：Peter has a difficult time sleeping recently.
例句：I have a difficult time dealing with people.


4.'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

知识点1:
must + 动词原形——对现在推测
must have done ----对过去肯定推测
例句：Where’s Peter? I didn’t see him anywhere. He must have left.
例句：You must be Peter.

知识点2:
主语从句：it形式主语，指代后面that从句
例句：so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him.

语法考点：非谓语动词
考点1：
(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；
(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；
1) can’t help/choose but do 不得不,只能,不禁
2) why not do sth

1.__Why not call on_____him tomorrow?2001
A. Why not to call on B. Why don’t call on
C. Why not calling on D. Why not call on

3) would do rather than do
1.She said she would work it out herself, _rather than_____ ask me for help.1993
A.and not to B.but not C.and prefer not D.rather than

(3)考察短语"be believed/said to do sth"的用法；

1.AIDS is said _to have been_____the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002
A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been
2.Professor Johnson is said _to have made___some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999
A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make

(4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;一般式被动语态to be done; 完成式被动语态to have been done。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；

考点2：动名词

（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, imagine(想象), suggest(建议)

1.In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid__being beaten____. 1996
A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to be beaten
2.He resented _being asked _____to wait. He expected the minister _to see_____ him at once.1995
A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see
C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing

（2）介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做…；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth 做…怎么样了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的)；Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人

1.What a nice day! How about the three of us _taking____ a walk in the park nearby?2009
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
2.Though her father never approved of _her going_____ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991
A. going B. her to go C. her going D. her go

（3）接动名词做介词to 的宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对…让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于

1.What’s the chance of __there being______ a general election this year?2005
A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be
2.The meeting was put off because we _objected to having_________ a meeting without John.2005
A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having

考点3：分词
（1）从语态上看，现在分词一般都表示主动，而过去分词一般表示被动；
（2）从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。
（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。

1._Not being tall____ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010/2001
A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall

2."The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009
A. the man who has prepared the documents... B. the man who has been preparing the documents...
C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who will prepare the documents...记住动名词不表示将来时态，所以will 等词一道的是不正确的
3._Looked_____ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2007/2000
A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look
4.If not _treated___ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004
A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated
5._Not having obtained a ticket for the match_____, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
6.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _hunted___ in Africa. 1996
A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted
7.He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _being considered_____insufficiently poplar with all members.1996
A. having considered B. was considered
C. was being considered D. being considered
8.He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_being thrown_____ out and three men climbing down it. 1995
A. throwing B. being thrown
C. having thrown D. having been thrown

9._Not having received____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.1994
A. Not received B. Since receiving
C. Having received D. Not having received
10.Born and raised in a fishing village____, he was chosen and trained as a professional swimmer. (1991)
A. He was born and raised in a fishing village
B. Born and raised in a fishing village
C. That he was born and raised in a fishing village
D. In addition to he was born and raised in a fishing village

13._Having packed _____ their luggage , the group of tourists hurried to the airport.1991
A. Packed B. After packed C. Finished packing D. Having packed

14.The mother was afraid to let the boy_risk climbing__ the tree.1990
A. to risk climbing B. risk climbing C. to risk to climb D. risk to climb

15.Mr. Brown had the report typed as soon as he finished_writing__ it.1990
A. to be typed, to write B. typed, to write
C. being typed, writing D. typed, writing
*动词不定时与现在分词的否定形式是not放在to和分词之前。