题Part One Multiple Choice Questions (30 Points)
1. Choose from A, B, C or D the one that is the closest in meaning to

the part underlined (20 points, 2 points each).
1) Even though he knew that his mother had been ill, he did not have the

propriety to write her.
A. decency B. posterity C. apathy D. eulogy
2) The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of the seasons.
A. perfidious B. plausible C. perilous D. perpetual
3) His former employer recommended him highly as having been a very industrious worker.
A. affluent B. cogent C. diligent D. extinct
4) His arrogant manner has kept him from being very popular.
A. waxy B. sleazy C. surly D. flimsy
5) The mailman approached the house cautiously because of the vicious dog.
A. hastily B. precisely C. warily D. deliberately
6) Unorganized guessing will probably not raise your score as significantly as choosing one

letter as a "guess answer" for the entire examination.
A. Cryptic B. Haphazard C. Leisure D. Subsequent
7) The Mono Lisa is the portrait of a woman with a very enticing smile.
A. oblivious B. luminous C. alluring D. elusive
8) Electrical energy may be separated into two components specified as positive and negative.
A. germinated B. designated C. accumulated D. contaminated
Part Two Cloze (30 points) Complete the text by choosing one word from the box below for each blank marked 1 to 15. (2 points each) because fail yes Finally also For Thus tradition that forit problem no In such
Science as a source of trustworthy knowledge Why turn to research and the procedures of science to understand the process

and effects of mass communication? Are there __1__ other valid sources of trustworthy knowledge? The answer, of course, is

__2__; people over the centuries have used many other sources to answer their questions. But each has its advantages and

limitations.For example, __3__ centuries people have found answers to important questions in religion, because it provides

revelations from the supernatural. That seems like a reliable source, and for many kinds of questions, __4__ is. However, for

something as complex and technical as modern mass media, religion might not provide particularly detailed or helpful

information.Trustworthy knowledge can __5__ be gained from interpretations by authorities. __6__ ancient times, those were

such individuals as oracles, priests, philosophers, and kings. Today, they might be prominent business leaders, politicians,

educators, and other distinguished people. Contemporary society seems to have an abundance of __7__ people instantly ready to

provide others with their interpretations and pronouncements about the influences of mass communication. The __8__ is that

these sources are not consistent, and one authority or critic often contradicts another of equal distinction. __9__ that

reason, their interpretations have limitations.
A. Almost every appeal imaginable has been used in advertising.

B. Theoretically, both direct and indirect appeals can be effective.

C. Instead it attempts to manipulate the consumer by indirect appeals.

D. The visual and verbal content of advertising has changed considerably over time.

E. Advertisers are innovative because they have always kept in mind the needs of the public.

F. In order to be effective, an advertisement must appeal to its audience and reflect shared values.

G. The goal is, of course, to get the public to associate the corporation with the "selfless" ad and lovely images.

H. Various specialists in an agency work as a team to develop the advertisement tailored to the needs of the particular

client.

I. The advertising industry places a high premium on creativity in finding new images that will appeal to the public.

J. For the campaigns the advertising agency's creative department holds a series of brainstorming sessions discussing ideas.

K. Indeed, some advertising content is direct and makes rational appeals, mentioning characteristics of the product, its

relative advantages, and price.

L. Coca-Cola's successful "It's the Real Thing" advertisements show happy, fun-loving, youthful people drinking Coke with

upbeat music playing in the background - without saying anything about taste, nutritional value, or price.

The content of advertising
To accomplish their ends, advertisers must make a persuasive appeal. Sometimes that appeal is simple and descriptive;

sometimes it is subtle and sophisticated. Communication scholars James W. Carey says that advertising is persuasive - and

thus acts as a form of social control - mainly by providing information. _ 1

A General Tire commercial that features babies, for example, talks about the durability of the tire and its role in

keeping the family safe.

Much advertising, however, has little to do with direct information or rational appeals. _______2

____________________________________________________ Research in 1992 on Americans’ favorite commercials indicated that

those with fantasy scenes, such as the ads for the California Raisins or Kibbles 'n Bits dog food, are more popular than

those featuring celebrities. Economic historian David Potter maintains, "Advertising appeals primarily to the desires, the

wants - cultivated or natural - of the individual, and it sometimes offers as its goal a power to command the envy of others

by outstripping them in the consumption of goods and services." If this is true, advertising may try to get you to buy a

product not because of its advantages or because of your existing needs, but because of a need or desire that the

advertisement itself tries to create.

Potter's analysis has much merit. _________ 3____________________________________________ Some ads have traded on

prestige; others have used fear. Some have promised glamour and the good life. Some have embraced fantasy, and others have

been firmly fixed in reality. To make these appeals, advertisers associate products, verbally or visually, with other images,

symbols, and values that are likely to attract consumers. For example, advertising for the auto rental firm Avis appealed to

the love for the underdog when it promised, "We try harder." Historically, another kind of dog - the trustworthy family dog -

was used by RCA Victor, an early manufacturer of the record player that advertised its Victrola with the slogan "His Master's

Voice" and a picture of a dog listening to recorded music. The starched but debonair look of “the man in the Arrow Shirt”

provides a model for the well-dressed man. Elegant, tastefully designed advertisements for Cadillacs convey an image of

quality and excellence. 4

5 Even the sometimes prosaic area of outdoor or billboard advertising has been

on the lookout for striking, appealing ads. In 1992, for example, that industry's Creative Challenge contest sponsored by the

Gannett Outdoor Group honored an ad showing a mighty dam holding back a waterfall. Above the dam appeared a single word:

"Huggies." Said the New York Times, "This unexpectedly imaginative way of advertising one of the most mundane products

[disposable diapers] has won a hefty prize in a contest intended to persuade agencies that creativity in outdoor ads is no

oxymoronic concept." The winners of the $10,000 prize were three employees of the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather; the big

winner, naturally, was the advertiser itself- Kimberly-Clark, producer of Huggies.

Not all advertising focuses on a specific product, such as diapers. A form called institutional advertising is much less

direct. For example, a firm that makes paper and other forest products presents a television ad or a colorful full-page

magazine ad describing the virtues of a beautiful, well-managed forest. The advertisement shows cute animals but says nothing

about its specific product, providing only the firm's name. 6

7 In the last hundred years, styles have included the ornate and

highly decorative soap and cosmetic ads of the 1890s, the clean lines of the art deco designs of the 1920s and 1930s, and the

psychedelic poster like ads of the 1960s and early 1970s. More recently, the clean, orderly, Swiss Gothic look of the 1980s

yielded in the 1990s to more traditional and formal design, possibly in response to an economic recession and a serious

public mood. It is, says design expert Roy Paul Nelson, all a matter of coordinating art and typography with content.

These changes reflect the efforts of creative professionals and entrepreneurs to fashion effective messages.

_________________________8_____________________________Advertising that works is therefore an index of popular culture. That

was recognized as far back as 1917, when writer Norman Douglas claimed, “You can tell the ideals of a nation by its

advertisements.” Thus, changes in advertising over the years have been closely tied to changes in American society as a

whole.

IV. Paraphrase the following sentences in English. (20 points)
1. It's about as likely that an ape will prove to have a language ability as that there is an island somewhere with a species

of flightless birds waiting for human beings to teach them to fly.

2. The accession of English to its global position was anything but a planned development, although proponents of theories of

cultural imperialism might not entirely agree with such a statement.

3. To a degree impossible to exaggerate, the cause of American independence was aided by the clumsiness of Britain's wartime

leadership, both civilian and military.

V. Turn the following into English. (20 points)
1. 圣诞夜，城里到处张灯结彩，呈现出一派节日气氛。

2. 子曰：“古之学者为己，今之学者为人。”

3. 在交叉路口转弯的时候，我的自行车把一位陌生先生的右脚踝压伤了。

VI. Write a summary of the following passage in Chinese. Write in no more than 300 Chinese characters. (28 points)略