伦敦大学教授英译《红楼梦》。《红楼梦》是中国的旷世巨著,大陆、香港、台湾都曾改编拍成电影,家喻户晓。50年代大陆拍摄的《红楼梦》在香港创下了连映二百多天的纪录,至今仍未有一部电影可以打破该纪录。
五四运动后不少白话文作家都歌颂过《红楼梦》这部伟大的小说。红学专家,风起云涌,人才辈出;红学佳作,淙淙汩汩,源源不绝。
五六十年代多位中外学者就曾经把《红楼梦》英译,介绍到西方国家去,但由于种种问题,都只是节译而已。
直至70年代有一位牛津大学的讲座教授霍克思(David Hawks),竟然不惜辞去职务,专心埋首于全部《红楼梦》的英译。他的译笔功力深邃,英文写得非常流畅。
请先欣赏霍克斯在《红楼梦》英译本自序中的最后一段感人的话:
"My one abiding principle has been to translate everything-even puns. For although this is ,in the sense I have already indicated, an 'unfinished' novel, it was written (and written) by a great artist with his very life blood. I have therefore assumed that whatever I find in it is there for a purpose and must be dealt with somehow or other, I cannot pretend always to have done so successfully, but if I can convey to the reader even a fraction of the pleasure this Chinese novel given me , I shall not have lived in vain."
中国曹雪芹英国霍克思
撰写《红楼梦》这部旷世巨著的曹雪芹,堪称中国文学史的奇才,数十年来无数作家学者都把这部经典名作奉为圭臬,推崇备至。
70年代著名学者胡菊人先生在其专栏里就写过这样一段话:
“在技巧上我们可以说自清末至'五.四'直至今天,在中国而言,无人能与曹雪芹并肩。他的技巧,尤其在肌理上,细心研究,令人惊骇,以为是神鬼写下的文墨。”
曹雪芹如果九泉下有知,欣悉二百余年后西洋竟然出了另一位奇才,连大学教授的高职也辞去,在家中孜孜不倦十五载,把他的作品全部译成蟹形文字,介绍到西方国家,必定会含笑引为同调!
这位西洋奇才就是前英国伦敦大学的教授霍克思(David Hawks.)
这里介绍霍克思译红楼梦,是希望大学翻译系的同学能观摩汉英翻译的极品,同时更为望各位忠实读者能欣赏地道中文与地道英语的讲写之法,从而提高研习中英文的兴趣。
且看曹雪芹怎样写林黛玉细读《西厢记》的:
“从头看去,越看越爱,不顿饭时,已看了好几出了。但觉词句警入,余香满口。一面看了只管出神。心内还默默记诵。“曹氏这种芊绵绮丽的文字,同样值得默默记诵。大家不妨试译这段短文,下文我会摘录霍氏的英译供你们观赏研习。
妙词通戏语艳曲惊芳心
上文引述了《红楼梦》第二十三回中的一小节,描写的是林黛玉细读《西厢记》。
第二十三回的回目是:
“西厢记妙词通戏语牡丹亭艳曲惊芳心”
各位觉得是不是对得很工整呢?
其实《红楼梦》书中一百二十个回目都对得很贴切,展卷前单看这些回目已经是一种艺术享受了。
现在请大家欣赏曹雪芹的生花妙笔,然后研习霍克斯的精彩妙译:
“从头看去,越看越爱,不顿饭时,已看了好几出了。但觉词句警入,余香满口。一面看了,只管出神,心内还默默记诵。”
"The more she read, the more she liked it, and before very long she had read several acts, She felt the power of the words and their lingering fragrance. Long after she had finished reading. When she had laid down the book and was sitting there rapt and silent, the lines continued to ring on in her head."
原文通畅易晓,雅丽芊绵,是地地道道的好文字;译文亦步亦趋,简洁流畅,从平凡中见功力,更觉难能可贵。
希望你们把原文译文反复熟诵,探究中英文的地道写法。下文开始提供对白英译,希望能协助大家提高英语会话的能力。
灵心妙手 译笔一流
《红楼梦》是中国文学园地百花丛中的一朵奇葩。它塑造了众多独特鲜明的人物,是一部不朽的艺术珍品。书中的主要角色,如贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗、王熙凤、刘姥姥等都宛如活在我们的心中。可见曹雪芹刻画人物,功力深邃。
谈到曹雪芹的艺术表现才华,不得不联系到《红楼梦》的对白写法。对白写得活泼生动是人物对比强烈、黑白分明时,更容易在读者心中产生鲜明的印象,因为对白中所用的字眼和语气最能表露出人物的神态。
我们先欣赏第十一回,凤姐与尤氏谈论秦可卿的病情:
“凤姐听了,眼圈儿红了一会子,方说道:'天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福,这点年纪,倘或因这病上有个长短,人生在世,还有什么趣儿呢!”
且欣赏英国名教授David Hawks (霍克思)怎样运用灵心妙手,妥贴译成合乎惯用法的地道英文:
"Xi feng's eyes became moist and for a moment she was too overcome to speak. ' I know "the weather and human life are both unpredictable,"' she said at last,'but she's only a child still. If anything should happen to her as a result of this illness, I think all the fun would go out of life!'"
经典名著对白地道英语译法
霍克思是一位汉学家,精通中国古典文学,译过《离骚》、杜甫诗,通晓宋词、元典。他盛年时已出任牛津大学中国文学讲座教授,但他竟然薄此而不为,花了十多个寒暑闭户埋首英译《红楼梦》。
霍克思把书名译为The Story of the Stone,摒弃了一直沿用的The Dream of the Red Chamber,是因为手抄本一向用《石头记》为书名。
我们现在来欣赏霍克思翻译的贾宝玉与袭人的一段对话:
“宝玉听了这话,见她脸上气色非往日可比,便笑道:‘怎么又动了气呢?’袭人冷笑道:‘我那里敢动气呢?只是你从今别进这屋子了。横竖有人服待你,再不必支使我,我仍旧服侍老太太去。’”
"The expression on her face as she uttered these words was angrier than he had ever seen her look before. “He laughed. "'Oh dear! Are you in a rage again?" "Aroma laughed mirthlessly. "'It's not for the likes of me to get into rages, But I wish that from now on you would stop coming into this room, After all, you have got people to wait on you elsewhere . You don't really need my services. I shall back to serving Her Old Ladyship, like I used before.'"