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Message by Petteri Taalas, Secretary-General of World Meteorological Organization, on World Meteorological Day 2019
世界气象组织秘书长佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯2019年世界气象日致辞
23 March 2019
2019年3月23日
World Meteorological Day 2019 is devoted to the theme "The Sun, the Earth and the Weather".
2019年世界气象日的主题是“太阳、地球与天气”。
The Sun delivers the energy that powers all life on Earth. It drives the weather, ocean currents and hydrological cycle. It shapes our moods and daily activities. It is the inspiration for music, photography and art.
太阳为地球上的一切生命提供能量。它驱动着天气、洋流和水文循环。它塑造了我们的情绪和日常活动。它是音乐、摄影和美术的灵感源。
Located nearly 150 million kilometres from Earth, the Sun is the heart of our solar system and keeps our planet warm enough for living things to thrive. For over 4.5 billion years, this hot ball of glowing plasma has been the driving force behind weather and climate, and life on Earth.
太阳距地球近1.5亿公里，是太阳系的核心。是它使我们的星球保持温暖，足以让万物生长。在45亿多年的时间里，这一等离子发光发热球体始终是天气和气候以及地球上各种生命背后的推动力。
Satellite measurements taken over the past 30 years show that the Sun's energy output has not increased and that the recent warming observed on Earth cannot be attributed to changes in Sun activity.
过去30年开展的卫星测量显示：太阳的能量输出没有增加，最近地球上观测到的变暖不能归因于太阳活动的变化。
The rise in temperatures – which are melting ice and heating the oceans – is driven by long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide concentrations reached 405.5 parts per million in 2017 and continue to rise.
正造成冰雪融化和海洋升温的温度上升是由大气中的长寿命温室气体驱动的。2017年二氧化碳浓度达到了百万分之405.5，并在继续上升。
As a consequence, since 1990, there has been a 41% increase in total radiative forcing – the warming effect on the climate – by long-lived greenhouse gases. CO2 accounts for about 82% of the increase in radiative forcing over the past decade.
结果，自1990年以来，长寿命温室气体的总辐射强迫这一气候增温效应增加了41％。在过去的十年中，二氧化碳在增加的辐射强迫中约占82％。
If the current trend in greenhouse gas concentrations continues, we may see temperature increases of 3 degrees Celsius to 5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. This is well above the target of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to hold the global average temperature increase to below 2 degrees Celsius and as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
如果延续目前温室气体浓度的趋势，到本世纪末，我们可能会看到温度上升3℃至5℃。这远高于“联合国气候变化框架公约”《巴黎协定》的目标，即将全球平均温度的升高控制在2℃ 以下，并尽可能接近1.5℃。
Climate change has led to an increase in heat extremes, and new temperature records – at local daily levels as well as at national, regional and global level. Heatwaves are starting earlier and ending later in the year and becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change.
无论在地方日常层面还是国家、区域和全球层面，气候变化都已经导致极端高温现象的增加以及新的温度记录。正因为气候变化，一年中热浪出现的更早、结束的更晚，并日益频繁和剧烈。
Climate models project increases in mean temperature in most land and ocean regions, hot extremes in most inhabited regions, heavy precipitation in several regions and the probability of drought and precipitation deficits in some regions. Climate-related risks to health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security, and economic growth are projected to increase with global warming.
据气候模型预测：大多数陆地和海洋区域的平均温度将升高，大多数人居地区出现极端高温的现象将增加，一些地区将出现更多的强降水，而有些地区将有更大的干旱和降水不足的可能性。随着全球变暖，与气候相关的卫生、民生、粮食安全、供水、人类安全和经济增长风险预计将上升。
The Sun can provide an alternative source of energy, which can be harnessed even in cloudy weather. Solar energy is indeed used worldwide and is increasingly popular for generating electricity or heating and desalinating water.
太阳可以提供替代能源，即使在多云天气下也可加以利用。在全世界范围内，太阳能已实实在在得以使用，并日益在发电或取暖和海水淡化方面受到人们欢迎。
Understanding how the Sun influence weather and climate phenomena is therefore critical to the core mission of WMO of building resilient societies.
因此，了解太阳如何影响天气和气候现象对于世界气象组织建设抗灾型社会的核心使命至关重要。
The integrated Earth System approach of the WMO community will provide the best possible science and operational services to support countries for weather, climate, hydrology, oceans and the environment.
世界气象组织的综合地球系统方法将尽可能为支持各国开展天气、气候、水文、海洋和环境活动提供最好的科学和业务服务。
