IV. China's Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues
四、中国在地区热点问题上的立场和主张
1. Nuclear Issue on the Korean Peninsula. China's position on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is consistent and clear-cut. China is committed to the denuclearization of the peninsula, its peace and stability, and settlement of the issue through dialogue and consultation. Over the years, China has made tremendous efforts to facilitate the process of denuclearization of the peninsula, safeguard the overall peace and stability there, and realize an early resumption of the Six-Party Talks. In January and September this year, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted two nuclear tests and launched missiles of various types, violating UN Security Council resolutions and running counter to the wishes of the international community. China has made clear its opposition to such actions and supported the relevant Security Council resolutions to prevent the DPRK's further pursuit of nuclear weapons. China will continue to work with the international community and strive for denuclearization and long-term peace and stability of the peninsula and of Northeast Asia as a whole. At the same time, other parties concerned should not give up the efforts to resume talks or their responsibilities to safeguard peace and stability on the peninsula. The anti-ballistic missile issue concerns global strategic stability and mutual trust among major countries. China always holds the view that the anti-ballistic missile issue should be treated with discretion. Forming Cold War style military alliances and building global and regional anti-ballistic missile systems will be detrimental to strategic stability and mutual trust, as well as to the development of an inclusive global and regional security framework. Countries should respect other countries' security concerns while pursuing their own security interests, and follow the principle of maintaining global strategic stability without compromising the security of any country so as to jointly create a peaceful and stable international security environment featuring equality, mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation.
（一）朝鲜半岛核问题。中国在半岛核问题上的立场一贯而明确，坚持实现半岛无核化，坚持维护半岛和平稳定，坚持通过对话协商解决问题。长期以来，中国为推进半岛无核化进程、维护半岛和平稳定大局、推动尽早重启六方会谈作出不懈努力。朝鲜2016年1月和9月两次核试并多次试射各种类型弹道导弹，违反安理会决议，与国际社会的期待背道而驰。中国政府对此坚决反对，并支持安理会通过相关决议，以阻遏朝鲜在核武开发的道路上越走越远。中国将继续与国际社会一道，为推进半岛无核化、实现半岛及东北亚长治久安作出不懈努力。同时，其他各方不能放弃复谈的努力，不能放弃对半岛和平稳定承担的责任。
2. Anti-Ballistic Missile Issue. Despite clear opposition from relevant countries including China, the US and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the decision to start and accelerate the deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK. Such an act would seriously damage the regional strategic balance and the strategic security interests of China and other countries in the region, and run counter to the efforts for maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. China firmly opposes the US and ROK deployment of the THAAD anti-ballistic missile system in the ROK, and strongly urges the US and the ROK to stop this process.
（二）反导问题。反导问题事关全球战略稳定和大国互信。中国一贯认为，应慎重处理反导问题，搞冷战式的军事同盟、构筑全球和地区反导体系，既不利于构建战略稳定与互信，也不利于构建包容性的全球及地区安全格局。各国既要考虑本国安全利益，也要尊重别国安全关切，遵循维护全球战略稳定和各国安全不受减损的原则，共同营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的国际安全环境。美国和韩国不顾包括中国在内有关国家的明确反对立场，宣布并推进在韩国部署"萨德"反导系统。这种做法严重破坏地区战略平衡，严重损害包括中国在内的本地区国家战略安全利益，与维护半岛和平稳定努力背道而驰。中国坚决反对美韩在韩国部署"萨德"反导系统，强烈敦促美韩停止有关进程。
3. Afghanistan Issue. China supports peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan, and hopes to see an Afghanistan that is united, stable, prosperous and at peace with its neighboring countries. Since 2015, China has increased assistance to Afghanistan in support of that government's capacity building. In the wake of a 7.8-magnitude earthquake in northern Afghanistan in October 2015, China provided assistance for disaster-relief efforts. China believes that only an inclusive reconciliation process that is "Afghan-led and Afghan-owned" can provide the ultimate solution to the Afghanistan issue. China will continue to play a constructive role in advancing the reconciliation process in Afghanistan. At present, the counter-terrorism situation in the Asia-Pacific region is undergoing complex and profound changes. The region faces severe security and stability challenges posed by violent and extremist ideologies spreading at an ever-faster pace, more active terrorist and extremist forces, rising threats from cyber terrorism, and frequent violent terrorist activities, in particular the infiltration of international terrorist organizations and the inflow of foreign terrorist fighters.
（三）阿富汗问题。中国支持阿富汗和平重建，希望看到一个团结、稳定、发展、同周边国家和睦相处的阿富汗。2015年以来中国加大对阿富汗援助力度，支持阿富汗政府能力建设。2015年10月，阿富汗北部发生7.8级地震后，中国为阿富汗抗震救灾提供了支持。中国认为只有推进"阿人主导、阿人所有"的包容性和解进程，才是解决阿富汗问题的唯一正确出路。中国将继续为推进阿富汗和解进程发挥建设性作用。
4. Counter-Terrorism Cooperation. Terrorism is a common scourge of the international community and humanity as a whole. The Chinese government opposes terrorism in all forms and calls on the international community to cooperate in fighting terrorism on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and other universally recognized norms governing international relations. China believes that dialogue among different civilizations should be enhanced and a holistic approach taken to eliminate the breeding grounds of terrorism by addressing both its symptoms and root causes by political, economic and diplomatic means. At the same time, there should be no double standard in fighting terrorism, which should not be associated with any particular country, ethnicity or religion.
（四）打击恐怖主义问题。当前，亚太地区反恐形势正经历复杂深刻变化。暴力极端思想加速蔓延，恐怖极端势力日益活跃，网络恐怖主义危害上升，暴恐活动多发频发，特别是国际恐怖组织渗透和境外恐怖作战分子回流问题日益突出，对地区安全稳定构成严重威胁。恐怖主义是国际公害和人类公敌。中国反对一切形式的恐怖主义，主张国际社会应按照《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则以及其他公认的国际关系基本准则，广泛开展合作，形成合力。主张加强不同文明对话，采取政治、经济、外交等手段综合治理，标本兼治，消除恐怖主义滋生土壤。同时，在反恐问题上不能搞"双重标准"，不能将恐怖主义与特定的国家、民族、宗教相联系。
5. Maritime Cooperation. The overall maritime situation remains stable in the region. It is all parties' common interest and consensus to maintain maritime peace, security and freedom of navigation and overflight. However, non-traditional maritime security threats are on the rise. The ecological environment in many marine areas has been damaged. Marine natural disasters occur frequently, and leaks of oil or hazardous chemicals happen from time to time. In addition, there are often cases of piracy, smuggling and drug trafficking. Misunderstandings and lack of mutual trust among some countries about traditional security issues also pose risks to maritime security. China has called for even-handed, practical and mutually beneficial maritime security cooperation. It adheres to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the fundamental principles and legal system defined by universally recognized international laws and modern maritime laws, including the UNCLOS and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in dealing with regional maritime issues, and is committed to coping with traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats through cooperation. Maintaining maritime peace and security is the shared responsibility of all countries in the region, and serves the common interests of all parties. China is dedicated to strengthening cooperation and jointly tackling challenges with all relevant parties so as to maintain maritime peace and stability.
（五）海上问题。亚太地区海上形势总体保持稳定，维护海上和平安全和航行飞越自由是各方共同利益和共识。但非传统海上安全威胁呈上升之势，不少海域的生态环境遭到破坏，海洋自然灾害频发，溢油、危险化学品泄漏事故时有发生，海盗、偷渡、贩毒等活动频发。部分国家在传统安全领域存在误解，互信不足，也给海上安全带来风险。中国一贯提倡平等、务实、共赢的海上安全合作，坚持以《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，公认的国际法和现代海洋法，包括《联合国海洋法公约》所确定的基本原则和法律制度以及和平共处五项原则为处理地区海上问题的基本准则，坚持合作应对海上传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁。维护海上和平安全是地区国家的共同责任，符合各方的共同利益。中国致力于与各方加强合作，共同应对挑战，维护海上和平稳定。
China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. China has always been committed to resolving disputes peacefully through negotiation and consultation, managing disputes by setting rules and establishing mechanisms, realizing mutually beneficial outcomes through cooperation for mutual benefit, and upholding peace and stability as well as freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. China and the ASEAN countries stay in close communication and dialogue on the South China Sea issue. When fully and effectively implementing the DOC, the two sides have strengthened pragmatic maritime cooperation, steadily advanced the consultations on COC and made positive progress. China resolutely opposes certain countries' provocations of regional disputes for their selfish interests. China is forced to make necessary responses to the provocative actions which infringe on China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests, and undermine peace and stability inthe South China Sea. No effort to internationalize and judicialize the South China Sea issue will be of any avail for its resolution; it will only make it harder to resolve the issue, and endanger regional peace and stability.
中国对南沙群岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权。中国始终坚持通过谈判协商和平解决争议，坚持通过制定规则和建立机制管控争议，坚持通过互利合作实现共赢，坚持维护南海和平稳定及南海航行和飞越自由。中国与东盟国家就南海问题保持密切沟通对话，在全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》框架下深化海上务实合作，稳步推进"南海行为准则"磋商，不断取得积极进展。中国坚决反对个别国家为一己私利在本地区挑动是非。对于侵犯中国领土主权和海洋权益、蓄意挑起事端破坏南海和平稳定的挑衅行动，中国将不得不作出必要反应。任何将南海问题国际化、司法化的做法都无助于争议的解决，相反只会增加解决问题的难度，危害地区和平与稳定。
Issues concerning the Diaoyu Islands and maritime demarcation in the East China Sea exist between China and Japan. The Diaoyu Islands are an integral part of China's territory. China's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands has a sufficient historical and legal basis. China and Japan have maintained dialogues on issues related to the East China Sea and held several rounds of high-level consultations. They have had communication and reached consensus on crisis management and control in the air and waters of the East China Sea, maritime law enforcement, oil and gas exploration, scientific research, fisheries and other issues. China is willing to properly manage the situation and resolve related issues through continued dialogue and consultation.
中日在东海存在钓鱼岛问题和海域划界问题。钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是中国的固有领土，中国对钓鱼岛的主权有着充足的历史和法理依据。中日就东海有关问题保持对话，举行了多轮海洋事务高级别磋商，围绕东海海空危机管控、海上执法、油气、科考、渔业等问题进行沟通，达成多项共识。中方愿继续通过对话磋商妥善管控和解决有关问题。
China and the ROK have extensive and in-depth exchanges of views on maritime demarcation, and launched relevant negotiations in December 2015.
中韩就海域划界有关问题广泛深入交换了意见，并于2015年12月启动海域划界谈判。
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