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文学作品翻译:鲁迅-《男人的进化》英译

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The Evolution of the Male Sex

To call the coupling of birds and beasts 'love' could verge on impious, one has to admit. But it cannot be denied that birds and beasts do have their sex life. When male and female come together in the mating season, we have to expect a bit of flirtation to go on. Indeed, the female does sometimes put on an act of coyness, running away and then looking back, even calling out, and may keep this up right until 'cohabitation love' is put into effect. Although there are many species of birds and beasts and their forms of 'love' are complex, one thing is beyond question: the male has no special rights to speak of.
That mankind is the lord of creation is evident in the first place in the capabilities of the male. To begin with nobody was very fussy, but owning to children 'knowing their mother but not their father', the distaff side 'ruled' for a period; at that stage the matriarch was probably a more imposing figure than the clan head of later days. Afterward, for whatever reason, women ran out of luck: round their necks, on their hands and on their feet shackles were secured, rings and bands were fixed. Though several thousand years later the rings and bands were changed to gold and silver and set with pearls and gemstones, these necklaces, bangles, rings and so on are still today symbols of female subjugation. Since women had been turned into slaves, men no longer needed their consent to 'love' them. As a result of tribal wars in olden days, captives would become slaves, and women captives would be raped. By then the mating season had long been 'abolished', and the male master could rape female captives and female slaves at any time and in any place. The practice of present-day bandits and toughs and their like not to regard women as human actually harks back to the warrior code of the tribal chiefs.
But although the capability of rape put mankind one step ahead of birds and beasts on the ladder of 'evolution', in the end it was still only half civilized. Imagine how off-putting all that women's crying and sniveling, wringing of hands and contortions of body must have been. It was after that wonderful thing called money made its appearance that the evolution of the male sex was really impressive. Everything on earth could be bought and sold, sexual gratification naturally being no exception. At the expense of a few coins men could get what they wanted of a woman. On top of that he could say to her, 'I'm not taking you by force, you are doing this of your own free will, if you want to earn some money, you have to do thus and thus, and submit to my every wish. This is a fair exchange between us!' Are birds and beasts up to this? Whoring then marks quite a high stage in men's evolution.
At the same time, the old-style marriage made 'at the behest of the parents and after consultation between matchmakers' was superior even to whoring. Under this system, the man came into a piece of live property that was his to hold forever. From the time the bride was deposited on the bed of the bridegroom she had only duties and obligations to perform; even the freedom to haggle over a price was denied her, let alone love. Like it or not, in the name of the Duke of Zhou and the sage Confucius, you had to cleave to one man for all your days, and you had to preserve your virtue. The man could use her whenever he pleased, yet she had to abide by the morality of the saintly fathers: even 'to conceive an unclean thought is to be guilty of adultery'. If the dog had used such ingenious and harsh measures against the bitch, you may be sure the bitch would have 'jumped the wall' in desperation. But the woman's only resort was to jump down a well and earn a reputation as a virtuous wife, a pure woman, or a martyr to chastity. The evolutionary significance of a marriage made according to religion needs no elaboration.
As to men's resorting to the 'most scientific' theory to make women willingly bind themselves to lifelong fidelity without the benefit of religion, and firmly believe that sexual desire is 'animal lust', not the precondition for love, thus inventing 'scientific chastity'—that of course is the acme of civilized progress.
Ah me, the difference between the ways of man—the male sex—and those of birds and beasts!


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