篇章练习（一）

Globalization has had a major influence on government behavior. The extent to which government in different political systems accepted the rules of globalization is quite remarkable. It has carried with it great benefits for China and for Asia, but, at the same time, has involved serious risks and costs.1

Globalization involves both the organization of industry and the structure of the financial markets.2 //

We have had global corporations for decades. Once, a global corporation with subsidiaries in a number of countries would have those subsidiaries organized as a mirror image of itself.3 While many international companies are still organized in this traditional manner, change is under way and corporations who move too slowly will be left behind. //

Now a globalized company will have quite a different structure. The products or services may be the same. But instead of separating national units in different countries, there will be only one selling unit---the world. Some aspects of corporate activity will obviously be organized locally but the main frame ofthe corporation will be organized on a global basis, sourcing different production components from the best current source. //

The new global organization of industry has consequences for social policy.4 Many governments would have conducted policies designed to see that workers gained a fair share of the returns of an enterprise. With the globalization of industry, such policies are much more difficult to sustain. Governments now tend to arguer for lower wages, for smaller workforces, to maximize the competitiveness of their particular country as a home for global investment.5 //

文章翻译

全球化对政府行为有着重要的影响。不同政治体系下的政府对全球化规则的接受程度有着巨大差别。中国和亚洲从全球化的机遇中获取了巨大的利益，同时也付出了巨大的代价，面临着巨大的危险。

全球化浪潮不仅席卷了产业组织，而且也影响了金融市场的结构。//

全球性公司的产生已有几十年的历史了。当一家全球性的公司在许多国家设立子公司时，这些子公司通常是其母公司的小型翻版。现在，许多国际公司仍然遵循这一传统的组织模式，但变化正在发生，行动缓慢的公司将被甩在后面。//

现在的全球性公司将具有完全不同的结构。其产品和服务或许不变，但是它的销售单位不再以国别划分，而且销售单位只有一个—即全世界。虽然公司的某些活动要由各地的子公司组织，但公司的总框架则在全球基础上建立，从现有的最佳资源中获得不同的生产要素。//

新的产业全球化组织对社会政策也产生了影响。许多政府执行的政策都旨在使雇员从企业的收益中获得公正的分配。随着产业的全球化，这种政策越来越难以维持了。现在，政府倾向于主张降低工资、缩小劳动力规模，以便最大化地提高本国竞争力以吸引全球投资。//