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刘振民副部长在纪念和平共处五项原则60周年国际法研讨会上的讲话(中英对照)

来源:可可英语 编辑:max   可可英语APP下载 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet

Good Morning. First please allowme, on behalf of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to extend my warmwelcome to all of you.

今天,我们相聚北京,共同纪念和平共处五项原则发表60周年。专门从国际法角度研讨五项原则,这在历史上还是第一次,具有重要意义和长远影响。

Today, we gather here in Beijingto commemorate the 60th anniversary of theFive Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. An international law colloquiumspecially dedicated to the FivePrinciples is the first of its kind as far as I can remember. In that senseI believe this event is of special and far-reaching significance.

60年前,中印缅三国在借鉴《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则的基础上提出了五项原则,因应了广大发展中国家反帝、反殖、反霸的时代要求,反映了发展中国家追求独立、自主、自强、发展的普遍诉求,开启了不同意识形态和社会制度国家之间交往的合作旅程,丰富和发展了以宪章为核心的国际法基本原则,表明了发展中国家遵循国际法基本原则的坚定立场。它面向亚洲,面向世界,体现着东方智慧,成为国际法和国际关系史上的创举。

Sixty years ago, drawing on thepurposes and principles of the UN Charter,China, India and Myanmar jointly initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The Five Principles were a direct response to developing countries’appeal against imperialism, colonialism and hegemonism, and reflected theaspirations of those countries for independence, autonomy, self-improvement anddevelopment. The Five Principles alsopioneered a cooperative path for exchanges between countries with differentideologies and social systems. Besides, these Five Principles enriched and developed the fundamental principlesof international law centered on the UNCharter, testifying to developing countries’ firm adherence to thefundamental principles of international law. Epitomizing oriental wisdom, the Five Principles were intended not onlyfor Asia, but also for the world at large, and were a true trailblazer in thehistory of international law and international relations.

60年来,五项原则已发展成为中国独立自主和平外交政策的基石,载入《中华人民共和国宪法》,并被纳入中国与160多个国家的建交公报或双边条约。同时,五项原则也被国际社会广泛认同和遵循,成为指导国与国关系的基本准则,写入1955年《亚非会议最后公报》的“十项原则”和1974年联大《各国经济权利义务宪章》,并为1970年联大《关于各国依联合国宪章建立友好关系及合作之国际法原则之宣言》提供了宝贵的国家实践和法律确信,促进了国际关系健康稳定发展,维护了国际公平正义,为世界和平与人类进步作出了重要贡献。

During the past six decades, the Five Principles have served as thecornerstone of China’s independent foreign policy of peace. They have beenwritten into the Constitution of thePeople’s Republic of China, and incorporated into the communiqués on theestablishment of diplomatic relations or bilateral treaties that China signedwith over 160 countries. Internationally, they have received wide recognitionand compliance as part of the basic norms governing international relations. TheFive Principles found expressions inthe Ten Principles of Bandungenunciated in the Final Communiqué ofthe 1955 Asian-African Conference ofBandung, and the 1974 UN Charter ofEconomic Rights and Duties of States. Their broad application tointer-state relations also provided evidence of a general practice offundamental principles accepted as law among states as contained in the 1970 UN Declaration on Principles ofInternational Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among Statesin accordance with the Charter of theUnited Nations. It is undeniable that these Principles have promoted the healthy and stable development ofinternational relations, helped achieve international justice, and contributedto world peace and human progress.

女士们,先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

60年后的今天,世界已发生了重大而深刻的变化,国与国之间的相互联系、相互依存从未像今天这样紧密,人类的命运共同体意识不断加强,求和平、谋发展、促合作已经成为各国人民的普遍愿望和国际社会的共同追求。

Sixty years later, the world isundergoing tremendous and profound changes. States have never been so closelylinked and interdependent as today. People across the world have increasinglyrealized that they live in a community of common destiny. Peace, developmentand cooperation have become the aspirations of people from all countries andthe common pursuit of the international community.

五项原则作为一个开放包容的国际法原则体系,60年来不断被赋予新的内涵,从“和平共处”到“和平发展”,到“和谐世界”,再到“合作共赢”的“命运共同体”,既有传承,更有发展,必将以其强大的生命力和广泛的适用性,继续为世界的和平与发展作出重要贡献。今天我们继承和发展五项原则,就是要大力弘扬五项原则四个核心价值观:

During the past six decades, thetenets of the Five Principles, as aset of principles of international law that is open and inclusive, have beenconstantly enriched by evolving notions from peaceful coexistence to peacefuldevelopment, to harmonious world, and to today’s win-win cooperation andcommunity of common destiny. With its strong vitality and universalapplicability, these Principles will continue to contribute significantly toworld peace and development. Today, as part of our efforts to carry forwardthese Principles, we should uphold four core values enshrined in the Five Principles:

第一是主权观,这是五项原则的根本基础。坚持主权原则,就是要相互尊重彼此主权、安全和核心利益,尊重一国维护国家统一和领土完整的固有权利,相互尊重各自的社会制度、意识形态和发展道路,求同“融异”。一国的事情由本国人民做主,国际上的事情由各国人民商量着办。要依据《联合国宪章》和其他国际条约,尊重、保护和促进个人人权和集体人权以及维护发展权。坚持主权原则,就是要坚持不干涉内政。世界在变,国际社会的共同利益在扩大,但这均不能成为随意干涉他国内部事务的借口,更不能成为煽动内乱、鼓动分裂、颠覆政权的理由,否则就会天下大乱,国际社会的共同利益就无从谈起。

Firstly, the concept ofsovereignty, which forms the foundation of the Five Principles. The principle of sovereignty is about mutualrespect for sovereignty, security and core interests, respect for the inherentright of a country to maintain its unity and territorial integrity, mutualrespect for social system, ideology and path of development, and seeking commonground while reconciling differences. The domestic affairs of a country shouldbe determined by its people, whereas international affairs should be handledthrough consultation by people of all countries in a democratic manner.Individual and collective human rights must be respected, protected andpromoted, and the right to development be defended in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and otherinternational treaties. No country shall interfere in the domestic affairs ofother countries. The world is indeed undergoing enormous changes and there is agrowing convergence of international common interests. But this should not beused as an excuse for wilfully interfering in the domestic affairs of othercountries, or offer ground for acts aimed to incite civil strife, instigateseparation, or overthrow a government. Otherwise the world will be in chaos,and the common interest of the international community is merely empty talk.

第二是和平观,这是五项原则的最高价值。要和平,就要坚持互不侵犯,反对战争,反对侵略,反对武力威胁和非法使用武力,就要维护以联合国安理会为核心的集体安全机制,不断完善以规则为基础的区域安全稳定架构。要和平,就必须和平解决国际争端,妥善处理历史遗留问题,尊重相互选择和平解决争端方法的权利,坚持以“同意”、“自愿”为基础的国际法精神,避免采取单方面行为,致力于通过谈判与协商解决分歧。

Secondly, the concept of peace,which represents the supreme value of the FivePrinciples. To maintain peace, countries must refrain from invasion andoppose war, aggression, threat or use of force. They must uphold the system ofcollective security where the Security Council plays the central role, andconstantly improve the rules-based regional security and stabilityarchitecture. To maintain peace, countries must settle international disputespeacefully, properly resolve issues left over from history, and respect eachother’s right to choose peaceful means for dispute settlement. They must upholdthe spirit of international law based on consent and voluntariness, refrainfrom unilateral actions, and commit themselves to settling disputes throughnegotiations and consultations.

第三是共赢观,这是五项原则的最终目标。实现共赢,就是要在平等基础上,通过国际合作,实现互利,同时,要推动构建共同发展、共享发展的命运共同体。要加强经济上的互利合作,以自身发展促进共同发展,以共同发展保障自身发展。要摒弃文明冲突思维,促进“茶文化”、“咖啡文化”和其他文化的交流互鉴。要促进经济、社会与环境的协调可持续发展,全面提升人类长久福祉,不断增进国际社会共同利益。

Thirdly, the concept of win-winprogress, which is the ultimate objective of the Five Principles. To achieve win-win progress, countries need toengage in mutually beneficial international cooperation on the basis ofequality. They must promote the establishment of a community of common destiny,in which development is achieved and shared by all. Countries should promoteeconomic cooperation on the basis of mutual benefit, and boost common developmentthrough their own development, which in turn can be safeguarded by commondevelopment. Countries must discard the thinking of clash of civilizations, andpromote exchanges between different cultures such as those of tea and coffee.It is important to advance the coordinated and sustainable development of theeconomy, society and environment, promote the long-lasting well-being ofmankind and the common interests of the international community.

第四是正义观,这是五项原则的内在要求。五项原则含有四个“互”字、一个“共”字,体现了各国权利、义务和责任相统一的精神。坚持正义,就是要在国际关系中依法办事,任何国家都没有超越国际法的特权,都不能有选择地适用国际法,也不能在适用国际法时采取双重标准。坚持正义,就是要倡导国际法治,推动国际关系民主化,通过法律手段维护国际和平与安全,促进合作与发展,建立以法律为基础的国际秩序。

Fourthly, the concept of justice,which is the intrinsic requirement of the FivePrinciples. The inclusion of the word “mutual” or the prefix “co-” in the Five Principles reflects the unity ofrights, obligations and responsibilities. Countries should engage ininternational relations in accordance with international law. No country shallplace itself above international law, apply international law selectively, oradopt double standards in the application of international law. To upholdjustice is to advocate the international rule of law, promote democracy in internationalrelations, maintain international peace and security through legal means,promote cooperation and development, and establish a law-based internationalorder.

女士们,先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

国际法治是人类的共同追求。当前,倡导国际法治是国际社会的重要议程。坚持和平共处五项原则的核心价值观,对建设国际法治具有重要的指导意义:

The international rule of law isthe common pursuit of mankind and an important priority of the internationalcommunity. Adherence to the core values of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence will provide us withvaluable guidance for the establishment of international rule of law.

首先,在国际立法方面,各国应平等地参与国际法的制定,全面、均衡、公平体现各国的权利、义务和责任,兼顾各国利益和国际社会的共同利益,完善和充实现有法律框架,拓展新的法律领域,特别是加强在海洋、外空、网络和极地等新疆域的国际立法。

Firstly, as regards internationallegislation, countries should participate in international law-making on anequal footing, to reflect rights, obligations and responsibilities of allcountries in a comprehensive, balanced and fair manner, and accommodate theinterests of individual countries and the common interests of the internationalcommunity. The existing legal framework should be further improved and newareas be explored. In particular, international legislation regulating ouractivities in new domains such as high sea, outer space, cyberspace and polarareas need to be enhanced.

其次,在国际法的解释和适用方面,各国必须严格遵守条约和习惯等国际法规则,依法行使权利,善意履行义务和责任,确保国际法的平等和统一适用。不论国内还是国际司法机构,都不应越权解释和适用国际法,更不得刻意曲解。国际法的解释和适用应有助于国际关系的和平与稳定以及国际公平正义。

Secondly, as regardsinterpretation and application of international law, countries must strictlyabide by treaties, common practices, and other rules of international law. Theyshould exercise their rights within the legal bounds and fulfil theirobligations and responsibilities in good faith. They are also obliged to ensurethe equitable and coherent application of international law. Neither domesticnor international judicial bodies shall ultra vires interpret or applyinternational law, still less deliberately misinterpret the relevant rules. Inone word, the interpretation and application of international law shouldcontribute to international peace, stability and justice.

第三,在国际秩序方面,各国应致力于建设公平合理的国际政治经济新秩序,维护发展中国家充分的代表性和平等的发言权。各国应继续维护联合国在维持国际和平与安全、保障经济社会稳定与发展和强化国际治理方面的中心作用。倡导和平、合作、共赢的理念,有利于建设新型国家关系,实现人类的共同发展和世界的持久和平。

Thirdly, as regards internationalorder, countries should strive for the establishment of a fair and equitablenew international political and economic order, and ensure that developingcountries are fully represented and their voices equally heard. Countriesshould continue to uphold the central role of the United Nations in maintaininginternational peace and security, securing economic and social stability anddevelopment and enhancing global governance. To sum up, the notions such aspeace, cooperation and win-win progress should be championed with a view toforging a new type of international relations and achieving the commondevelopment of mankind and lasting peace of the world.

女士们,先生们,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中国是一个有担当的国家。我们将一如既往地维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则,努力践行和平共处五项原则,始终不渝地走和平发展道路,做国家主权的坚定捍卫者,国际和平与安全的有力维护者,经济社会合作与发展的全面推动者,国际秩序和国际法治的积极塑造者。

China is a responsible country.We will, as always, uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, practice the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,and stick to the path of peaceful development. China will present itself as afirm defender for state sovereignty, a staunch upholder for international peaceand security, an energetic promoter for economic and social cooperation anddevelopment, and an active builder for international order and rule of law.

谢谢大家。

Thanks for your attention.

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coherent [kəu'hiərənt]

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adj. 合理的,一贯的,明了的,粘着的,相干的

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threat [θret]

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n. 威胁,凶兆
vt. 威胁, 恐吓

 
stability [stə'biliti]

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extend [iks'tend]

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deliberately [di'libəritli]

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stick [stik]

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