Tourism,Globalization and Sustainable Development

旅游，全球化与可持续发展

Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves.While conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problem,the United Nations contends that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced.

旅游业是全球经济中发展最快的行业之一。发展中国家为了刺激海外投资和增加财政储备，都试图通过这个快速发展的产业获利。联合国一方面承认这个产业不受控制的发展会导致严重的环境和社会问题，但是另一方面却坚持认为，这些负面影响是能够得到控制和缩小的。

cash in：从…中牟利；兑现

in an attempt to：试图；企图 eg：The police fired into the air in an attempt to disperse the crowd.警察朝天开枪，企图驱散人群。

foreign investment：海外投资 eg：To absorb foreign investment. 吸引外商投资。

Many developing countries facing debt burdens and worsening trade terms,have turned to tourism promotion in the hope that it bings foreign exchange and investment.Simultaneously,leading international agencies such as the World Bank,United Nations agencies and business organisations like the World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC),have been substantially involved to make tourism a truly global industry.

许多发展中国家，正面临沉重的债务负担和日渐刻薄的贸易条款，他们纷纷转向振兴旅游业，期望它能带动外汇和投资。与此同时，世界银行和联合国机构这样的全球主要国际机构，以及世界旅游理事会这类的商业组织，事实上都已参与进推动旅游业成为一个真正的全球产业的行动中来了。

turn to: 1.求助于，求教于：She turned to me for advice. 她求教于我。2.致力于：He turned to the study of Shakespeare.他致力于莎士比亚的研究。

in the hope that:怀着对。。。的期望；希望能。。。I am dong this in the hope that you can improve your English even faster.

World Travel&Tourism Council(WTTC)：世界旅游及旅行理事会

However,tourism in developing countries is ofen viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions because from the very beginnig,it has benifited from international economic relationships that structurally favor the advanced capitalist countries in the North.Unequal trading relationships,dependence on foreign interests,and the division of labor have relegated poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and affluent countries in the North to the position of tourism generators.

然而，在批评者看来，发展中国家的旅游业往往是先前殖民统治的一种延续，因为从一开始，它就获利于国际经济关系，这种关系在结构上是有利于北半球发达的资本主义国家。不平等的贸易关系，对海外利益的依赖和劳动的分工使得南半球贫穷的国家沦为旅游业的接待者，北方富裕的国家则处于旅游生产者的地位。

The North is used to refer to the richer, more developed countries of the world. 北方发达国家

最后一句话的主语很长，是：Unequal trading relationships,dependence on foreign interests,and the division of labor

补充：英汉互译中的增词法和减词法

由于英汉两种语言在语法，词义，修辞和文化等方面的差异，翻译时无法将原文中的每一个词转换成译入语中的另一个词，因而就有必要做一些增减，使译文更加通顺流畅，符合译入语的行文习惯。增词法，即在翻译时增加一些原文字面上没有的词语：减词法则是将原文中需要而译文中显得多余的词省去。增减的是词，表达的是意！

例：

I've been rich and I've been poor----and i can tell you ,rich is better. 富裕也好，贫穷也罢，我都经历过。说实话，富裕肯定要比贫穷好。（省略关联词和已经出现过的作主语的人称代词）

活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn.（增添了人称代词）