二、中国网络法学发展的回顾

II. The current situation of the development of the studies of Internet law

我国对网络法学的研究，是从上个世纪八十年代末开始的。自从1987年郑成思先生出版国内首部网络法律专著——《计算机、软件与数据的法律保护》后，网络法开始进入了学者的视野。随着越来越多学者的加入以及对网络法律问题研究的不断深入，网络法学在中国逐渐成为显学，到目前为止，国内学者发表的网络法论文（包括公开检索到的期刊、硕士和博士论文、会议论文等）大约有九千篇，著作一百多部，逐步构建起中国特色网络法学的学科框架，特别是来自一线人员的案例与实务研究丛书起到了指导实践的作用。与此同时，广西大学（网络法律研究中心）、北京大学（雅虎互联网法律研究中心）、北京邮电大学（亚太网络法律研究中心）北京师范大学（互联网政策与法律研究中心）等高校相继成立了网络法律研究的专业机构。在网络法学的学科建设上，2010年北京邮电大学建立了国内首个涵盖网络法、网络管理、信息安全、管理科学的网络治理交叉学科，并提出了网络治理系统化研究的理论。回顾上述成果的同时，我们也认识到网络法学研究的薄弱环节。由于缺乏对网络社会的新型态和新型社会关系的研究以及对网络规律的认识，高质量的、理论性的学术精品较少，尤其是对互联网法律进行系统、深入研究的专著较为缺乏，更没有产生如美国《贝克报告》、《洛克菲勒报告》那样的对国家网络信息资源管理有重大影响的报告。此外，我国网络法学缺乏一个统一完整的研究体系模型，需要在基础性和理论性层面做好扎实的研究工作，从而真正系统化地提升研究水平。

In China, the study of computer-network law began in the late 1980s. Since the publication of "The Legal Protection of Computers, Software and Data" in 1987 by Zheng Chengsi, which is China's first book in the field, computer-network law has begun to enter the view of scholars. With the deepening of the research into issues of the Internet law and the increase of the number of scholars entering the field, Internet law has become a prominent subject of study in the country. So far Chinese scholars have published more than 9,000 treatises (including journal articles, master and doctoral dissertations and conference papers) and more than 100 books on Internet law. A scientific framework with Chinese characteristics for the study of Internet law is basically in place. With the deepening of the study, academic groups and professional research institutions were set up one after another: institutes specializing in Internet law were established at Guangxi, Peking, Beijing Normal and other universities; and in 2009, the Internet Governance and Law Research Center, the first of its kind in China, was established at Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT). Speaking of the building of the subject of Internet law in 2010, the BUPT created China's first cross-discipline subject on Internet governance covering Internet law, Internet governance, information security and management sciences. When reviewing the progresses, we also must soberly understand the weak points. Despite the continuous emergence of research results in Internet law, high-quality, original and theoretical academic works are few and in particular, books are rarely seen on systematic and in-depth research into Internet law. Due to the lack of study and vague understanding of the cyber society and ensuing new personal relationships, controversies still exist on issues of cyber privacy, the right of reputation, personal information, virtual asset protection, because they involve new patterns and relationships of cyber society. Furthermore, China lacks a unified and complete research system model in its study of Internet law, and it has yet to produce a practical investigative research report, such as the Baker or Rockefeller reports in the US, to exert great influence on the management of national Internet information resources. Therefore, in the future, research in Internet law should pay close attention to the practice in China, and thorough investigations should be done and more pertinent and instructive investigation reports be produced to raise the level of development of a legal system for the Internet in China.

三、互联网法制建设遇到的挑战

III. Challenges met by the building of a legal system for the Internet

随着网络融合、网络技术革命以及网络在生产和生活领域的深层次应用，再加上层出不穷的网络滥用与网络犯罪行为，互联网法制建设面临更加严峻的挑战。

With technological revolutions, profound-level applications of the Internet in production as well as people's lives, and endless abuses of the Internet and cyber crimes, the building of a legal system for the Internet has met unprecedented challenges:

(一) 互联网的发展问题

目前，我国网络融合正处于起步阶段，市场监管体系、服务质量体系和信用体系建设需要相关法律的进一步完善。同时，沿海地区与内陆地区、城市地区与农村地区之间仍然存在明显的数字差距，需要从法律和政策方面保障落后地区居民的接入互联网、使用互联网的权利。在弱势群体权益保护方面，政府、行业组织、社会与家庭等多方主体应加大对弱势群体尤其是未成年人的保护力度，进一步净化网络空间，营造互联网持续发展的法制环境。

（二）网络安全问题

2. The issue of cyber security

网络信息安全构成了国家安全的重要组成部分。网络欺诈、垃圾信息、黑客攻击、侵犯个人隐私和网络恐怖主义等越来越多的网络滥用行为不断出现，其危害已发展到严重影响各国政治、经济、军事和文化安全的程度，同时也对个人安全造成了前所未有的威胁。互联网的国际性特征决定了任何一个国家都不能单独解决网络安全问题，在全球范围内制订一致的规则和采取统一行动以应对突发的网络威胁和网络攻击，已迫在眉睫。

The security of information in cyberspace is an important component of national security. Abuses of the Internet, which include cyber fraud, spam, hacking, invasion of privacy and cyber terrorism, have increasingly and continuously emerged and developed to seriously affect the security of the politics, economy, military affairs and the culture of various countries. They also have posed an unprecedented threat to personal safety. The characteristic of the Internet being international has determined that no single country can solve the issue of cyber security on its own and hence it has become imminent to make globally consistent rules and act in a coordinated way against emergent cyber threats and attacks.

（三）网络新技术和创新应用引发的问题

3. Issues caused by applications of new Internet technology and innovations

云计算、移动互联网、网络融合和物联网技术的出现将互联网发展带入一个全新的阶段，这将对我们的工作、生活方式产生重大影响，同时对个人信息保护和国家安全保障提出了更高的要求；博客、微博、SNS等网络新业务新型态的出现，移动通信技术的日益成熟和广泛应用，网络信息传播形式以文字为主向音频、视频、图片等多媒体形态转变，不仅增加了监管的难度，而且使当事人之间的法律关系变得更为复杂，迫切需要法律明确个人权利和义务的范围以及清晰地划定个人安全与国家安全之间的界限。

The emergence of cloud computing, mobile Internet, convergence of various networks and the Internet of objects have brought the development of the Internet to a new phrase, which will significantly affect our work and lives and at the same time raise the requirements for protecting personal information and safeguarding national security. The emergence of new Internet services, which include blogs, microblogging and SNS, the growing maturity and extensive application of mobile telecommunications technology, and the shift from text to multimedia, such as audio, video and photos as the main agent in information communication on the Internet have together made supervision more difficult and at the same time, made the legal relationships among various parties more complex, which indicates the crying need to legally clarify the scopes of individual rights and obligations as well as the boundary between personal safety and national security.

四、中国互联网法制建设展望

IV. An outlook for the building of a legal system for the Internet in China

（一）互联网立法

1. An outlook for legislation of the Internet

中国需要加快制定《信息安全法》，以有效地保障国家、企业以及个人的信息安全；尽快出台《个人信息保护法》，保障个人在网络社会的基本权利；推进《电子政务法》的立法进程，通过规范国家机关、事业单位和团体组织的电子政务活动，提高公共管理的水平和透明度，更好地为社会公众提供信息与服务。同时，为推动电子商务发展，依法维护各方权益，需要进一步完善与网络交易有关的立法。此外，国际社会亟需制定全球层面的打击网络犯罪公约，中国的参与将有助于全球网络犯罪公约的制定，从而共同保障网络世界的安全。

It can be predicted that China will accelerate to make its information security law, personal information protection law, and e-government law to define the basic rights (power), obligations and responsibilities of various parties in cyber society. Meanwhile, China will further improve Internet transaction-related legislations to promote the development of global e-commerce and safeguard the interests of various parties according to the law. Furthermore, it's urgent for the international community to make a global treaty against cyber crimes, and China will be happy to take part in this issue to safeguard cyber security with other countries.