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Reform and Opening-up
The goal of Chinese economic reform, which refers to the program of economic reforms called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics", was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy.
Economic reforms have helped lift millions of people out of poverty, bringing the poverty rate down from 53% of the population in the Mao era to 12% in 1981, and only 6% by 2001.
Generally, these reforms were not the results of a grand strategy, but as immediate responses to pressing problems.
Although it has been characterised by many in the West as a return to capitalism, Chinese officials have insisted that it is a form of socialism.
1. 拨乱反正 （治平乱世， 回复正常）
bring order out of chaos; clarify confusion and bring things back to order; clear up all the confusions and rectify all reversals of right and wrong; clear up what has been confounded and set things right; clear up what was confused and put things to rights; dispel chaos and restore peace; get wrongs righted; put down disturbances and restore order; put down rebellion and restore order; right wrongs; restore things to order; set right the error in line; set the wrong right; set things right; set things straight; set to right things which have been thrown into disorder
【例】In fact, we had begun to set things to rights as early as 1975.
其实，拨乱反正在一九七五年就开始了。
2. 计划生育 family planning; birth control
【例】Accelerating legislation on population and family planning.
加快人口与计划生育法制建设。
