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With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.
对孩子使用电子设备给予太多的关注，很容易让父母忘记自己使用电子设备。
"Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,
“发展科技的目的就是为了让你沉浸其中”，詹妮·拉德斯基在她的数字产品研究中宣称，
"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.
“生产数字产品是为了让你对其更痴迷。
It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine."
这很难让人不沉浸其中，也会导致家庭日常受到重大影响。”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.
拉德斯基通过妈妈—孩子食物测试实验，研究了手机和平板电脑的使用。
She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise
她发现，在实验期间使用电子设备的母亲与孩子
started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
进行的语言交流减少了20%，进行的非语言交流减少了39%。
During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.
在一次独立的观察中，她发现手机成了家庭紧张氛围的根源。
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
父母当时可能正在查看他们的电子邮件，而孩子们可能正在努力地想要获得他们的注意。
Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world,
婴幼儿会自然的观察父母的表情以试图理解他们的世界，
and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.
如果他们面无表情、毫无回应——他们沉浸于电子设备时经常如此——这会让孩子们极其不安。
Radesky cites the "still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.
拉德斯基引用了发展心理学家埃德·特洛尼克20世纪70年代做的“静止脸实验”。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way
在该实验中，一位妈妈被要求与她的孩子以正常的方式互动，
before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;
之后，要求她面无表情并且不能做出视觉上的、社交性的回应。
The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.
结果，这个孩子试图吸引妈妈的注意力，同时变得越来越痛苦。
"Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance
拉德斯基说，“父母不必一直都出现，但是出现和不出现之间需要平衡，
and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.
父母需要对孩子情感需求的语言或非语言的表达要敏感，且对此做出回应”。
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens
另一方面，特罗尼克本身也担忧，对于孩子使用电子设备
are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children:
的担忧来自于“压迫性的意识形态，其要求父母应该经常与孩子互动”：
"It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology
它所基于的意识形态有点儿理想化，极其符合白人和中上层阶级的观念，
that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them."
这一意识形态认为如果你未能让孩子接触到3万个词汇，你就是忽略了他们。
Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it,
特罗尼克之所以这么看，根本原因在于，孩子没有从屏幕中上学到东西并不意味着它就毫无价值，
particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.
尤其是当它能让父母有时间冲个淋浴、做些家务或只是暂时离开孩子休息一下的时候。
Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.
他说，父母使用自己的电子设备可以得到很多东西，这样跟朋友聊天就有话可聊或者完成一些工作。
This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
这会让父母更加开心，也更可能让父母用剩下的时间陪伴孩子。
