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Shin splints may have very similar symptoms as a stress fracture of the tibia but they are due to inflammation of the lining of the bone, called the periosteum.
与胫骨应力骨折相比，外胫夹的病症极其相似，但它是因骨膜发炎导致，我们称它为骨外膜。
Shin splints are caused by overuse, especially in runners, walkers, dancers, including those who do aerobics.
外胫夹的病因为过度损伤，通常在跑步运动员、健走运动员以及舞者间最为常见，这其中也包括杂技演员。
Muscles that run through the periosteum and the bone itself may also become inflamed.
骨外膜肌肉，以及骨骼本身就会引起发炎。
Treatment is similar to a stress fracture and physical therapy can be helpful.
治疗方法与应力骨折相似，物理疗法也可起到作用。
COMPRESSION FRACTURE
受压骨折
As people age, there is a potential for the bones to develop osteoporosis, a condition where bones lose their calcium content.
随着年龄增长，钙流失加快，患骨质疏松概率增加。
This makes bone more susceptible to breaking.
也就更容易骨折。
One such type of injury is a compression fracture to the spine, most often the thoracic or lumbar spine.
其中一种是脊柱受压骨折，通常发生在胸廓或腰椎。
Since we are an upright animal, if the bones of the back cannot withstand the force of gravity these bones can crumple.
人类为直立动物，若脊柱骨无法承受过重压力，它就会发生坍塌。
Pain is the major complaint，especially with movement.
尤其是在活动时，最为明显的症状就是疼痛。
Compression injuries of the back may or may not be associated with nerve or spinal cord injury.
脊柱受压可能与神经损伤，或脊髓损伤有关，但也有可能无关。
An X-ray of the back can reveal the bone injury, however, sometimes a CT scan or MRI will be used to insure that no damage is done to the spinal cord.
X光可检查受损情况，通过CT和核磁检查，我们可以确定脊髓是否受到损伤。
Treatment includes pain medication and often a back brace.
治疗包括止痛药和背部夹板。
Some compression fractures can also be treated with vertebroplasty.
许多受压骨折可通过椎体成形术治疗。
Vertebroplasty involves inserting a glue-like material into the center of the collapsed spinal vertebra in order to stabilize and strengthen the crushed bone.
它是向坍塌椎体注入骨水泥，从而达到稳定强化的作用。
The glue (methylmethacrylate) is inserted with a needle and syringe through anesthetized skin into the midportion of the vertebra under the guidance of specialized X-ray equipment.
在X光监护下，通过针头和注射器，从皮肤（麻醉）穿刺到脊椎中部，并注入骨水泥。
Once inserted, the glue soon hardens, forming a cast-like structure within the compressed vertebra.
骨水泥一旦注入，它会迅速硬化，在脊椎受挤压处形成石膏型结构。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
