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BOWEL OR BLADDER PROBLEMS
大小便失禁
These symptoms are important because it may be a sign of cauda equina syndrome, a possible condition resulting from a herniated disc.
若出现上述症状，那么很有可能是马尾综合征，“马尾征”大部分是因椎间盘突出造成。
This is a medical emergency, and you should see your doctor immediately if you have problems urinating, having bowel movements，or if you have numbness around your genitals.
该疾病需要紧急医疗救助，若出现大小便失禁，或阴部麻木感，需立即就医。
All of these symptoms are due to the irritation of the nerve from the herniated disc.
上述症状均因椎间盘神经性紊乱而起。
By interfering with the pathway by which signals are sent from your brain out to your extremities and back to the brain，all of these symptoms can be caused by a herniated disc pressing against the nerves.
椎间盘突出压迫神经，阻断了大脑向四肢发出并接受返回信号的途径，从而产生各种症状。
HOW IS THE DIAGNOSIS OF A HERNIATED DISC MADE?
椎间盘突出如何确诊？
Most often, your physician can make the diagnosis of a herniated disc by physical examination.
通常情况下，医生可通过体检确诊椎间盘突出。
By testing sensation，muscle strength, and reflexes, your physician can often establish the diagnosis of aherniated disc.
通过检查知觉、肌力、反射，医生通常可以确诊。
HOW IS A HERNIATED DISC DESIGNED?
椎间盘突出如何发展？
The doctor will suspect a herniated disc when symptoms described above are present.
若上述症状明显，病患就将为疑似椎间盘患者。
The neurologic examination can reveal abnormal reflexes.
神经系统检查可检测反射区正常与否。
Often pain can be elicited when the straight leg is raised when lying or sitting.
患者双下肢伸直仰卧或坐立，当进行高抬腿检测时，病患通常会感到放射痛。
This is referred to as a “positive straight leg raising test”.
该检测为“直腿抬高试验”。
There can be abnormal sensation in the foot or leg.
脚部或腿部感知能力会出现异常。
A variety of blood tests are frequently done to determine if there are signs of inflammation or infection.
通过血液检测，检查是否有发炎或感染迹象。
Plain film X-rays can indicate “wear and tear” (degeneration) of the spine.
通过x线平片，检查脊椎磨损情况。
They do not, however, demonstrate the status of discs.
但并不会显示椎间盘情况。
In order to determine whether or not a disc is herniated, an MRI scan or CT scan is performed for diagnosis.
为了查明椎间盘是否突出，可通过核磁共振或计算机断层扫描。
An MRI is commonly used to aid in making the diagnosis of a herniated disc.
椎间盘突出通常通过核磁共振确诊。
It is very important that patients understand that the MRI is only useful when used in conjunction with examination findings.
病患需要了解的是，核磁共振只有与检测结果相结合才有用，这一点至关重要。
It is normal for a MRI of the lumbar spine to have abnormalities, especially as people age.
通过核磁共振检测，尤其是老年人，出现腰椎异常属正常现象。
Patients in their 20s may begin to have signs of disc wear, and this type of wear would be expected on MRIs of patients in their 40s and 50s.
20多岁会出现椎间盘磨损，通过核磁共振，40-50年龄段人群更为普遍。
This is the reason that your physician may not be concerned with some MRI findings noted by the radiologist.
较放射科诊断，内科医生通常不会太留意某些核磁结果。
An eleclromyogram (EMG) can be used to document precisely which nerves are being irritated by a disc herniation.
通过肌电图检测，医生方可检测具体紊乱神经。
