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Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
做手术之前为了确保病人份的安全有许多工作要做。
1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.
第一，要检测并记录生命体征。将任何异常情况告知医生。
2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.
第二，所有假体，例如隐形眼镜、假肢以及假牙都应该摘掉。
The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.
麻醉师可能会希望让患者戴着假牙，所以护士必须咨询麻醉师的建议。
3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，患者必须除去指甲油并卸妆。这样会让医生更容易辨认病人是否患有苍白病。
The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination
苍白病通常表明患者需要输氧。还应当摘掉发夹等发饰，以免造成感染。
4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.
第四，经过排尿或者导尿清空膀胱。膀胱内充满尿液可能会在手术过程中受损。
5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.
第五，术前患者需使用灌肠剂清空肠道，小手术除外。这会避免很多术后不适症状。还可以避免感染。
6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.
第六，镇静剂通常在患者进入手术室前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让麻醉过程进行地更容易一些。
After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.
然后应该轻声安慰患者进入休眠状态。手术室内有时可以允许患者的一位家属陪伴。
7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.
第七，患者的病历表应该带入手术室，并且表格需要完整。上面必须包括所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的手术许可等等。
Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.
过敏原和所需药物，如胰岛素，也应在表格中注明。
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
