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Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)
第二单元 主题A 椎间盘突出症
Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles are diagnosed with a herniated disc.
许多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均为椎间盘突出症。
When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushed outside its normal position.
椎间盘突出发生时，脊柱间的缓冲带将发生侧突。
A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it weren't for the spinal nerves that are very close to the edge of these spinal discs.
如果脊神经不是离椎间盘特别近的话，椎间盘突出就不是什么大问题了。
HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS DESIGNED?
脊柱与椎间盘
The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.
脊椎是建造脊柱的构件。
Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.
各椎骨之间为椎间盘。
Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.
脊椎和椎间盘周围散布着韧带。
The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back (thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).
颈部有7条椎骨，胸部为12条，腰部有5条。
In addition, in the mid-buttock, beneath the fifth lumbar vertebra, is the sacrum, followed by the tailbone (coccyx)
此外，在臀部中央，第五条腰椎下面为荐骨，再往下是尾骨。
The bony spine is designed so that vertebrae "stacke" together can provide a movable support structure while also protecting the spinal cord ( nervous tissue that extends down the spinal column from the brain) from injury.
椎骨之间“层层叠加”，支撑身体移动构架，并保护脊髓（大脑神经组织在脊柱的延伸）。
Each vertebra has a spinous process, which is a bony prominence behind the spinal cord that shields the cord s nerve tissue.
每个椎体都有一个棘突，即位于脊髓后方、保护脊髓神经组织的骨性突起。
The vertebrae also have a strong bony "body" in front of the spinal cord to provide a platform suitable for weight-bearing.
脊髓外部为椎骨，椎骨是人体的负重部位。
The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies that serve to minimize the impact of movement on the spinal column.
椎间盘充当各椎体间的“衬垫”，椎体的作用是承受负重，将脊柱压力减到最小。
Each disc is designed like a jelly donut with a central softer component ( nucleus pulposus).
椎间盘就像果冻甜甜圈，中间为软组织髓核。
Ligaments are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach bones to bones.
韧带由极具弹性的纤维软组织组成，连接骨与骨。
Ligaments attach each of the vertebrae and surround each of the discs.
韧带与每条椎骨相连，并附着在椎间盘周围。
When ligaments are injured as the disc degenerates, localized pain in the area affected can result.
随着椎间盘退行性变，韧带损伤，疼痛在所难免。
WHAT IS THE SPINAL DISC?
什么是椎间盘
The spinal disc is a soft cushion that sits between each vertebra of the spine.
各椎体之间存在着充当“缓冲垫”的椎间盘。
This spinal disc becomes more rigid with age.
随着年龄增长，椎间盘出现僵化。
In a young individual, the disc is soft and elastic, but like so many other structures in the body, the disc gradually looses its elasticity and is more vulnerable to injury.
对于年轻人而言，椎间盘柔软既富弹性，像其它部位一样，椎间盘也会逐渐失去弹性，受伤风险增加。
In fact, even in individuals as young as 30, MRIs show evidence of disc deterioration in about 30% of people.
事实上，根据核磁共振显示，像30岁年轻人，椎间盘的退行性变比例达30%。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
