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Having established respect for the patient, heard and understood the patient's story, and empathized with his or her situation, the physician must speak clearly, in a vocabulary understood by the individual, about the recommendations for further evaluation or care.
尊重病人、倾听和理解病人、同情病情，医生必须简单明了、通俗易懂地给出进一步的医学鉴定和护理建议。
This part of the conversation should include a clear distinction between what is known about the patient's diagnosis or condition and what is not known but might be anticipated.
这部分对话应该对已知和未知进行明确区分，已知的是病况，未知的是或将出现的问题。
When appropriate, likelihoods of various outcomes should be estimated in a way that the patient can grasp.
如果合适，我们应该使用病人能够理解的方式来对各种可能进行评估。
The recommended approach to next steps should be listed clearly, along with alternative approaches.
一一列举下一步的推荐方法和替代办法。
Patients always have at least one alternative to the recommended choice, even if only to decide not to have further medical care.
在推荐方法中，病患至少拥有一种替代办法，哪怕是关于是否继续接受治疗。
The conversation can be augmented with illustrations or models that may improve the patient's understanding.
在对话过程中增加图表或是模型，增强病人的理解力。
Reviewing radiological studies directly with the patient or family also can help their understanding.
就X光与病患或家属进行直接沟通也会帮助其理解。
Failing to establish a comfortable, mutually respectful relationship with the patient can lead to errors in judgment about diagnosis or management.
如果医患之间没有能够建立相互尊重的关系，那么医生对患者的诊断，治疗就有可能发生误判。
It also precludes the opportunity to engage the patient as an ally in his or her care.
病患之间的“伙伴关系”也将会消失。
And if treatment goes badly, it can make communication about problems or complications difficult or impossible.
如果治疗出现问题，医患对问题的讨论也将变得更加困难，甚至不可能。
Finally, the surgeon who communicates poorly excludes himself or herself from enjoying a personally and professionally satisfying physician-patient relationship.
最后，由于外科医生的沟通有误，从个人和专业的角度来看，令人满意的医患关系也将不复存在。
译文属可可英语原创，未经允许，不得转载。
