1.proliferate v.激增(to increase profusely)；繁殖(to multiply)
词根记忆：pro(许多)+lifer(后代)+ate——后代增加许多——繁殖
例：As new products proliferate, demand is divided among a growing number of stock-keeping units.
派生词：proliferation(n．大量繁殖)
同根词：prolific(a．多产的)

2.proliferation ．增殖(growth by the rapid multiplication of parts)；扩散(a rapaid increase in number, especially in the number of deadly weapons)
词根记忆：来自proliferate(v.增殖)
例：The proliferation of Eurasian watermifoil in Frida Lake has led to reductions in the populations of some species of aquatic animals.

3.prolonged a.延长的(drawn out)；拖延的(tediously protracted)；持续很久的(continuing for a long time)
词根记忆：来自prolong(v.延长;拖延)
例：Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.

4.prominence n.突出物(sth. prominent)；突出(the quality, state, or fact of being prominent or conspicuous)
词根记忆：来自prominent(a．显著的)
例：Since 1980, productivity improvements in manufacturing have moved the United States from a position of acute decline in manufacturing to one of world prominence.
同根词：eminent(a．杰出的；显著的)

5.prominent a．显著的(noticeable)；杰出的(outstanding)
词根记忆：pro(向前)+minent(突出)——凸出的——显著的
例：Alvin Toffler was one of the most prominent students in our college.
派生词：prominence(n．突出，显著)

6.promising a．有希望的，有前途的(likely to succeed or to yield good results)
词根记忆：来自promise(v.给予希望)
例：The new theory has opened up promising possibilities for future research.

7.promote v.提升(to give someone a higher position or rank):促进(to help in the growth or development of)
词根记忆：pro(向前)+mot(动)+e——向前动——促进
例：It helped to promote flexibility within their social system.
派生词：promotion(n．提升；促销)
同根词：demote(v.使降级)

8.promotional a．促销的(of or relating to promotion)；增进的(of or relating to advancement)
词根记忆：来自promotion(v．促进；晋升；推销)
例：Customers come to regard the promotional price as the fair price and the regular price as excessive.
同根词：promote(v.促进；促销)

9.prompt v.(to)促使，推动( to serve as the inciting cause of)；提示(to cue);a．敏捷的(performed readily or immediately)
词根记忆：pro(向前)+mpt——使……向前——促使
例：The thermoreceptors (温度感应器)located within the skin's surface can prompt behavioral changes.