1.pigment n.天然色素(a coloring matter in animals and plants especially in a cell or tissue)；干粉颜料(a powdered substance that is mixed with a liquid in which it is relatively insoluble and used especially to impart color to coating materials or to inks, plastics, and rubber)

例：natural pigment天然色素

2.pinpoint n.针尖(the point of a pin);极小之物(something that is extremely small or insignificant);v.精确定位(to locate or aim with great precision or accuracy)；准确解释或确定(to fix, determine, or identify with precision)

联想记忆：pin（钉，针）+point(点，尖端)--针尖--精确定位

例：The challenge in exploration is to pinpoint the position of buried minerals.//This kind of chemical could be used to pinpoint functions of other plant hormones.

3.pirate n.海盗：盗版(one who commits or practices piracy)；v.盗版(to reproduce without authorization)

例：Stronger patent laws are needed to protect inventions from being pirated.

4.pivotal a.中枢的(of, relating to, or constituting a pivot)；重要的(vitally important)

词根记忆：来自pivot(n.枢轴；枢纽)

例：For global managers working with overseas clients, understanding cultural norms is at least as important as grasping the pivotal business issues.

5.placate v.安抚(to pacify)

词根记忆：plac(平静)+ate--使平静--安抚

例：I placated the angry dog by throwing him some meat.

同根词：implacable(a．难以平息的)

6.plague n.瘟疫(pestilence)；v.使苦恼，烦扰(to disturb or annoy persistently)

词根记忆：plag(击，打)+ue--能打倒人的--瘟疫

例：There was only one outbreak of plague in Florence in the 1100's.// Crime and violence plagued the nation's cities.

7.plaintiff n．原告（a person who brings a legal action)

词根记忆：plaint(哀诉，抱怨)+iff--哀诉的一方--原告

例：The judge is biased against women defendants or plaintiffs jn cases that do not involve sex discrimination.

8.planetary a.行星的(of planet)

词根记忆：来自planet(n．行星)

例：The Copernican theory of planetary motion is inconsistent with the Ptolemaic account.

同根词：planetesimal (a．小行星体的)

9.plankton n.浮游生物(the passively floating or weakly swimming usually minute animal and plant life of a body of water)

联想记忆：plank(木板)+ton(很多)--很多像木板似的生物漂浮在水面上--浮游生物

例：Nevertheless, some areas, though rich in these nitrogen compounds, have few plankton.