stripped [stript]

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adj. ��ȥ��
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a. bare��stripped-down

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1. The incident stripped the secrecy from the gang.
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2. For as the False Intervention stripped Earth, they also stripped you and your ancestry beloved.
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3. Information was stripped early on and mechanization information brought in to replace soul infusion.
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adj.
  1. having only essential or minimal features
  2. having everything extraneous removed including contents
  3. with clothing stripped off

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stripped
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Stripped securities
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stripped peneplain
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stripped sodding
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stripped parrotfish
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