2. That thinking it a apotheosis as
benignancy of Tang's annihilating Xia, was purely the Confucian fudge.
后世以汤伐葛为行仁义之师的典范,纯是儒家之造作。
3. It was virtually difficult to distinguish between
benignancy and malignancy by the wall thickness alone.
有关病灶之良性或恶性与否,单藉胃壁增厚程度的多寡很难加以鑑别。