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现代大学英语精读(第2版)第四册:U3B Corn-pone Opinions(4)

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A new thing in costume appears—the flaring hoopskirt, for example—and the passers-by are shocked, and the irreverent laugh. Six months later everybody is reconciled; the fashion has established itself; it is admired, now, and no one laughs. Public opinion resented it before, public opinion accepts it now, and is happy in it. Why? Was the resentment reasoned out? Was the acceptance reasoned out? No. The instinct that moves to conformity did the work. It is our nature to conform; it is a force which not many can successfully resist. What is its seat? The inborn requirement of self-approval. We all have to bow to that; there are no exceptions. Even the woman who refuses from first to last to wear the hoopskirt comes under that law and is its slave; she could not wear the skirt and have her own approval; and that she must have, she cannot help herself. But as a rule our self-approval has its source in but one place and not elsewhere—the approval of other people. A person of vast consequences can introduce any kind of novelty in dress and the general world will presently adopt it—moved to do it, in the first place, by the natural instinct to passively yield to that vague something recognized as authority, and in the second place by the human instinct to train with the multitude and have its approval. An empress introduced the hoopskirt, and we know the result. A nobody introduced the bloomer, and we know the result. If Eve should come again, in her ripe renown, and reintroduce her quaint styles—well, we know what would happen. And we should be cruelly embarrassed, at least at first.

一种服装上的新玩意儿出现了——比方说,那种花哨的有裙撑的裙子——过路人惊呆了,发出了讥笑。六个月后,每个人都接受了这样的裙子,这种流行式样也就站稳了脚跟,现在人人都赞美它,没有人敢再取笑它了。以前舆论憎恨它,但如今却接受了它,并且还乐在其中。为什么?这种憎恨是经过深思熟虑的吗?这种接受是经过分析的吗?没有。是人们顺从的本能所起的作用罢了。我们天性就爱顺从,它是一种没有多少人能成功抵抗的力置。那么它依附在什么之上呢?就是那种人天生的对自我认同的需要。我们都不得不向它俯首称臣,无一例外。甚至连始终都拒绝穿那种撑伞状的裙子的女性也受这个法则的支配,并且成为它的奴隶;她不会穿这种裙子进行自我认同;既然她必须自我认同,她也身不由己只能这样做了。但是,通常我们的自我认同不是源于其他地方,而只源于一个地方——就是别人的赞同肯定。一位举足轻重的人物可以引进任何一种新颖的服装款式,不久之后普通人就会接受它——趋向于这样做,一开始是受自然本能的驱使被动地屈服于那个模糊的被认为是权威的某种东西;接着是受人的本能驱使,同大多数人一致,并获得大众的认同。如果是一位女皇推荐这种伞状裙子,我们知道结果会如何。如果一个无名小卒引进女式灯笼裤,我们知道结果会如何。如果夏娃复活,凭借她的至高名望再次引进她的奇特的穿着风格——是的,我们也知道会发生什么事。我们会感到相当尴尬,至少在一开始的时候。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
acceptance [ək'septəns]

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n. 接受(礼物、邀请、建议等),同意,认可,承兑

 
costume ['kɔstju:m]

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n. 服装,剧装
vt. 提供服装,为 ...

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authority [ə'θɔ:riti]

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n. 权力,权威,职权,官方,当局

 
resist [ri'zist]

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v. 抵抗,反抗,抵制,忍住
n. 防蚀涂层

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yield [ji:ld]

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n. 生产量,投资收益
v. 生产,屈服,投降

 
novelty ['nɔvəlti]

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n. 新奇,新奇的事物,小装饰

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embarrassed [im'bærəst]

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adj. 尴尬的,局促不安的,拮据的

 
quaint [kweint]

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adj. 古雅的,离奇有趣的,奇怪的

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inborn ['in'bɔ:n]

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adj. 天生的,生来的,生成的

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resentment [ri'zentmənt]

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n. 怨恨,愤恨

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