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Putting it broadly, we should always suspect any of our opinions when we recognize that our happiness depends, directly or indirectly, upon our continuing to hold them—when we might lose anything, material or otherwise, by changing our opinion.
从广义上说，当我们认识到自己的幸福直接或间接地取决于能否继续坚持自己的观点--如果我们改变观点可能会失去某种东西，包括物质或其他方面的利益时--我们就应该总是对这样的观点持怀疑态度。
Somewhat similar is the acceptance of an opinion through the desire—probably not recognized by the person concerned—to justify his own nature, his own position, or his own behavior. The coward can so easily adopt a philosophy which seems to justify cowardice—though, of course, "cowardice" is not the name he gives it! The lazy and bungling person can adopt a set of opinions which prove to his satisfaction that "the grapes are sour"—the "grapes" being the rewards that more energetic and competent men can win.
与此有几分相似的情况是因渴望证明自己的本质、地位或行为是正当的而接受某种观点，尽管他自己很可能并没有意识到这点。懦夫会很容易接受一种似乎为懦弱辩护的哲学——但是，当然，他绝不会用“懦弱”这个词！懒惰而笨拙的人会接受一套让自己满意的观点来证明“葡萄是酸的”--而“葡萄”就是那些更加精明能干的人获取的回报。
Many groundless opinions are held through sentimental associations. The thought is associated with memories—pleasant or unpleasant as the case may be—of particular persons who held similar opinions. It is found that many a man who in childhood was hostile to his father, in after life is always prejudiced against whatever opinions his father used to express. And conversely in the case of one who has pleasant recollections of his father, his mother, a teacher perhaps, or some other person who played a big part in his early life.
许多毫无根据的观点由于情感联想而为人所有。思维与有着相同观点的人群的记忆有关联--不管这些记忆令人高兴或令人不悦。人们发现，许多在童年时代对父亲怀有敌意的人在以后的生活中总是对父亲曾表达过的任何看法都有成见。不过，如果一个人对自己的父亲、母亲，或许是老师，或对其早期生活有很大影响的其他人拥有美好记忆的话，情况则相反。
