评论
打印
Recording One
录音一
Okay. So let's get started.
好的，我们开始吧。
And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.
开始我们需要做的是思考一个定义。
I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.
我要定义什么是爱，但是我将要讨论的大多数实验真的更多地专注于吸引力而不是爱。
And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.
而我将从前同事罗伯特·斯登伯格那里选出一个定义，罗伯特·斯特伯格现在是塔夫茨大学的院长，担任耶鲁大学教职员工近三十年。
And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment.
他有一个爱的理论，认为它由三个部分组成：亲密，激情和承诺，或有时被称为决策承诺。
And these are relatively straightforward.
这些都比较简单。
He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.
他认为，如果你这三个元素都没有的话，你就没有爱。
Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding.
亲密是亲密的感觉，与某人的联系，羁绊的感觉。
Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else.
在操作上，你可以在分享秘密时考虑亲密关系，你与这个人分享不会与其他人分享的信息。
Okay. That's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people.
好的。这才是真正的亲密，纽带来源于分享不与别人分享的信息。
The second element is passion.
第二个元素是激情。
Passion is the drive that leads to romance.
激情是浪漫的驱动力。
You can think of it as physical attraction.
你可以把它看作身体吸引力。
And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.
而斯特伯格认为，这是爱情的必要组成部分。
The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.
斯特伯格理论中爱的第三个要素就是他所谓的决策承诺，是身处爱情的决定，这个决定的意愿，以及至少在一段时间内保持这种关系的承诺。
Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship.
斯登伯格认为，如果你不称之为爱，不愿意维持关系，那就不是爱。
So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love.
所以，如果你有这三个，亲密，激情和承诺，在斯登伯格的理论你有爱。
Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.
现在，理论有趣的地方在于如果你只有三个其中的一个或是两个的话你拥有什么。
What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three?
你拥有什么并且如果你有三个中的两个会有什么区别呢？
What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.
这种理论有趣的是，它会产生许多不同的组合，当你将其拆开开始仔细查看时，可能会非常有趣。
So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.
所以我采取了斯登伯格的爱的三个要素，亲密，激情和承诺，我已经列出了你会有的不同种类的关系——三要素中的0个，1个，2个或者3个。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的录音。
Question 16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?
问题16.演讲者对讲话中提到的大多数实验有什么看法？
Question 17. What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?
问题17.罗伯特·斯特伯格对爱有什么看法？
Question 18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg's three elements of love?
问题18.演讲者认为对斯登伯格三大要素的什么问题有趣？
