评论
打印
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) The components and functions of films.
B) The standards used to value a film.
C) The whole process of movie-making.
D) The future development of the movie industry.
33. A) Musical score. C) Special effects.
B) Clothing design. D) The credits.
34. A) It can make all the audiences crazy. C) It can spoil the image of an actor.
B) It can affect the fashion of the world. D) It can make an ordinary person leap to fame.
35. A) It was made during World War II. C) It reflects things in World War II.
B) It was made for politicians. D) It was made for peace lovers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (36) _________ of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common: which was the husband and which was the wife would vary according to taste, time of life and career (37) _________.
What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission (38) _________ it as “a form of part-time employment where two people (39) _________ share the responsibility of one full-time position.” Salary and benefits are (40) _________ between the two sharers. Each person’s terms and conditions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week, then they enjoy certain (41) _________ rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have.
Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job (42) _________. They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time (43) _________ that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion.
(44) ___________________________________________________________________ and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of “New Ways to Work”—formerly the London Job-Sharing Project — points out: “(45) ___________________________________________________________________”.
“A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time, (46) ___________________________________________________________________. Job-sharing is also an ideal way for people to ease into retirement”.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Overprotective parents inhibit more than their kids’ freedom: they may also slow brain growth in an area linked to mental illness. Children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful are believed to be more susceptible to psychiatric disorders — which in turn are associated with defects in part of the prefrontal cortex (皮层).
To investigate the link, Kosuke Narita of Gunma University, Japan, scanned the brains of 50 people in their 20s and asked them to fill out a survey about their relationship with their parents during their first 16 years. The researchers used a survey called the Parental Bonding Instrument, an internationally recognized way of measuring children’s relationships with their parents. It asks participants to rate their parents on statements like “Did not want me to grow up”, “tried to control everything I did” and “tried to make me feel dependent on her / him”. Narita’s team found that those with overprotective parents had less grey matter in a particular area of the prefrontal cortex than those who had healthy relationships. Neglect from fathers, though not mothers, also correlated with less grey matter. This part of the prefrontal cortex develops during childhood, and abnormalities there are common in people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Narita and his team propose that the excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇) — due either to neglect, or to too much attention — and reduced production of dopamine as a result of poor parenting leads to stunted grey matter growth.
Anthony Harris, director of the Clinical Disorders Unit at Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, says the study is important for highlighting to the wider community that parenting styles can have long-term effects on children. But he adds that such brain differences are not always permanent. “Many individuals show great resilience (弹性),” he says. Stephen Wood, who studies adolescent development at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia, says the brain abnormalities cannot necessarily be blamed on children’s relationship with their parents. He points out that the subjects studied may have been born with the abnormalities and as a result didn’t bond well with their parents, rather than vice versa. Wood also takes issue with the study team’s decision to exclude individuals with low socioeconomic status and uneducated parents — two factors known to contribute to poor performance in cognitive tests. “The effect they found may be real, but why worry about parenting if there are other factors that are so much larger?” he says.
47. It is believed that children with overprotective or neglectful parents are _____________________.
48. The researchers from Gunma University of Japan used a survey — the Parental Bonding Instrument — to measure _____________________.
49. Narita’s team found that children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful had _____________________ in part of the prefrontal cortex.
50. Stephen Wood from the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia says that children’s relationship with their parents cannot necessarily be blamed for _____________________.
51. Stephen Wood believes that if there are other factors that are so much larger, it is no need worrying about _____________________.
