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n. 建设，建造，结构，构造，建筑物
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Passage Two
Western doctors are beginning to understand
what traditional healers have always known
that the body and the mind are inseparable.
Until recently, modern urban physicians heal the body,
psychiatrists the mind, and priests the soul.
However, the medical world
is now paying more attention to holistic medicine
which is an approach based on the belief
that people state of mind can make them sick
or speed their recovery from sickness.
Several study show that
the effectiveness of a certain drug
often depends on the patient's expectations of it.
For example, in one recent study,
psychiatrists at a major hospital tried to see
how patients could be made calm.
They divided them into two groups.
One group was given a drug
while the other group received a harmless substance
instead of medicine without their knowledge.
Surprisingly, more patients in the second group
showed the desired effect than those in the first group.
In study after study, there's a positive reaction
in almost one-third of the patients taking harmless substances.
How was this possible? How can such a substance
have an effect on the body?
Evidence from a 1997 study at the University of California
shows that several patients who received such substances
were able to produce their own natural drug, that is,
as they took the substance their brains released natural chemicals
that act like a drug.
Scientists theorized that
the amount of these chemicals released by a person's brain
quite possibly indicates
how much faith the person has in his or her doctor.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on
the passage you've just heard:
30. According to the speaker,
what are western doctors beginning to understand?
31. What does the recent study
at a major hospital seem to prove?
32. What evidence does the 1997 study
at the University of California produce?
Passage Three
So we've already talked a bit
about the growth of extreme sports like rock-climbing.
As psychologists, we need to ask ourselves:
Why is this person doing this?
Why do people take these risks
and put themselves in danger when they don't have to?
One common trait among risk-takers is that
they enjoy strong feelings or sensations.
We call this trait sensation-seeking.
A sensation-seeker is someone
who's always looking for new sensations.
What else do we know about sensation-seekers?
Well, as I said, sensation-seekers like strong emotions.
You can see this trait in many parts of a person's life,
not just in extreme sports.
For example,
many sensation-seekers enjoy hard rock music.
They like the loud sound
and strong emotion of the songs.
Similarly, sensation-seekers
enjoy frightening horror movies.
They like the feeling of being scared
and horrified while watching the movie.
This feeling is even stronger for extreme sports
where the person faces real danger.
Sensation-seekers feel the danger is very exciting.
In addition,
sensation-seekers like new experiences that
force them to push their personal limits.
For them, repeating the same things everyday is boring.
Many sensation-seekers choose jobs that involve risk,
such as starting a new business
or being an emergency room doctor.
These jobs are different every day,
so they never know what will happen.
That's why many sensation-seekers
also like extreme sports.
When you do rock-climbing,
you never know what will happen.
The activity is always new and different.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on
the passage you've just heard:
33. According to the speaker,
what is a common trait among risk-takers?
34. What do sensation-seekers find boring?
35. What is the speaker's profession?
Section C
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear a passage three times.
When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks
numbered from 36 to 43
with the exact words you have just heard.
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46
you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks,
you can either use the exact words
you have just heard or write down the main points
in your own words.
Finally,
when the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Now listen to the passage:
If you are like most people,
you've indulged in fake listening many times.
You go to history class,
sit in the third row,
and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks.
But your mind is far away,
floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams.
Occasionally you come back to earth.
The instructor writes an important term
on the chalkboard,
and you dutifully copy it in your notebook.
Every once in a while the instructor makes a witty remark,
causing others in the class to laugh.
You smile politely,
pretending that you've heard the remark
and found it mildly humorous.
You have a vague sense of guilt that
you aren't paying close attention.
But you tell yourself that any material you miss
can be picked up from a friend's notes.
Besides,
the instructor's talking about road construction in ancient Rome,
and nothing could be more boring.
So back you go into your private little world,
only later do you realize
you've missed important information for a test.
Fake listening may be easily exposed,
since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues
and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen.
Your blank expression
and the faraway look in your eyes
are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
Even if you are not exposed
there's another reason to avoid fakery.
It's easy for this behavior to become a habit.
For some people,
the habit is so deeply rooted that
they automatically start daydreaming
when a speaker begins talking on
something complex or uninteresting.
As a result,
they miss lots of valuable information.
Now the passage will be read again.
If you are like most people,
you've indulged in fake listening many times.
You go to history class,
sit in the third row,
and look squarely at the instructor as she speaks.
But your mind is far away,
floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams.
Occasionally you come back to earth.
The instructor writes an important term
on the chalkboard,
and you dutifully copy it in your notebook.
Every once in a while the instructor
makes a witty remark,
causing others in the class to laugh.
You smile politely,
pretending that you've heard the remark
and found it mildly humorous.
You have a vague sense of guilt that
you aren't paying close attention.
But you tell yourself that any material you miss
can be picked up from a friend's notes.
Besides,
the instructor's talking
about road construction in ancient Rome,
and nothing could be more boring.
So back you go into your private little world,
only later do you realize
you've missed important information for a test.
Fake listening may be easily exposed,
since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues
and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen.
Your blank expression
and the faraway look in your eyes
are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
Even if you are not exposed
there's another reason to avoid fakery.
It's easy for this behavior to become a habit.
For some people,
the habit is so deeply rooted that
they automatically start daydreaming
when a speaker begins talking on
something complex or uninteresting.
As a result,
they miss lots of valuable information.
Now the passage will be read for the third time.
If you are like most people,
you've indulged in fake listening many times.
You go to history class,
sit in the third row, and look squarely
at the instructor as she speaks.
But your mind is far away,
floating in the clouds of pleasant daydreams.
Occasionally you come back to earth.
The instructor writes an important term
on the chalkboard,
and you dutifully copy it in your notebook.
Every once in a while the instructor
makes a witty remark,
causing others in the class to laugh.
You smile politely,
pretending that you've heard the remark
and found it mildly humorous.
You have a vague sense of guilt that
you aren't paying close attention.
But you tell yourself that any material you miss
can be picked up from a friend's notes.
Besides,
the instructor's talking
about road construction in ancient Rome,
and nothing could be more boring.
So back you go into your private little world,
only later do you realize
you've missed important information for a test.
Fake listening may be easily exposed,
since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues
and can tell if you're merely pretending to listen.
Your blank expression
and the faraway look in your eyes
are the cues that betray you inattentiveness.
Even if you are not exposed
there's another reason to avoid fakery.
It's easy for this behavior to become a habit.
For some people,
the habit is so deeply rooted that
they automatically start daydreaming
when a speaker begins talking on
something complex or uninteresting.
As a result,
they miss lots of valuable information.
This is the end of listening comprehension.
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| construction | [kən'strʌkʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| certain | ['sə:tn] | |||
| lecturer | ['lektʃərə] | |||
| network | ['netwə:k] | |||
| automatically | [.ɔ:tə'mætikəli] | |||
| proposal | [prə'pəuzəl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| harmless | ['hɑ:mlis] | |||
| uninteresting | ||||
| humorous | ['hju:mərəs] | |||
| flight | [flait] |
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